Nursing Roles And Management 10th Edition Test Bank
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CHAPTER 01-25
Chapter 1: Ethical Issues
1.
... [Show More] Which statement best describes ethics?
1. A) How our lives and relationships are led in our reality
2. B) How people make decisions they see as legally and morally appropriate
3. C) The conflict, power, and interdependency associated with the way we live
4. D) What our conduct and actions should be regarding what is right and good
Ans: D
Feedback:
Ethics is the systematic study of what a persons conduct and actions should be with regard to
self, other human beings, and the environment; it is the justification of what is right or good
and the study of what a persons life and relationships should be, not necessarily what they
are.
2. What
1. A) A problem that can be solved using empirical data
2. B) A situation that has clearly delineated facts for decision making
3. C) A problem that when handled effectively has a mutually agreed-upon solution
4. D) A situation that requires choosing between two or more undesirable alternatives
Ans: D
Feedback:
The most difficult of all moral issues is termed a moral or ethical dilemma, which may be
described as being forced to choose between two or more undesirable alternatives. The
problem is not generally solved with a solution that is mutually satisfying nor does it lend
itself to empirical or delineated facts.
3. The practice of allocating organs for transplantation based on a persons iworth to societyi
is an example of what ethical principle for decision making?
1. A) Autonomy
2. B) Beneficence
3. C) Utility
4. D) Justice
Ans: D
Feedback:
Justice: Seek fairness, treat iequalsi equally, and treat iunequalsi according to their
differences. Autonomy: Promotes self-determination and freedom of choice. Beneficence:
Actions are taken in an effort to promote good. Utility: The good of the many outweighs the
wants or needs of the individual.
is an ethical dilemma?
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4. The only treatment alternative left for a patient diagnosed with advanced cancer is a rare,
highly experimental bone marrow transfusion with a 10% success rate. The insurance
company refuses to authorize payment for the $200,000 procedure, arguing that the money
could be better spent providing well-baby screening for 2,000 residents in the service area.
What does this decision by the insurance company reflect?
1. A) Unethical conduct
2. B) Maleficence
3. C) Paternalism
4. D) Utility
Ans: D
Feedback:
The principle of utility states that what is best for the common good outweighs what is best
for the individual. There is no indication of unethical or maleficence behavior on the part of
the insurance company. Paternalism would be characterized by the insurance company
making treatment decision without the patient having input.
5. Which statement regarding the MORAL decision-making model is true?
1. A) It is a problem-solving model
2. B) It does not include an evaluation step
3. C) The identification and analysis of multiple alternatives for action is required
4. D) The decision is arrived upon with only the involvement of the decision maker
Ans: C
Feedback:
MORAL is a decision-making model that is useful in clarifying ethical problems, and it
requires the identification and analysis of multiple alternatives for action. The other options
are not true statements regarding this decision-making model.
6. Which ethical framework would most likely be used to arrive at the nurses decision to
work overtime in spite of previous social plans?
1. A) Utilitarianism
2. B) Duty based
3. C) Rights based
4. D) Intuitionism
Ans: B Feedback:
The duty framework says that some things should be done just because there is a duty to do
them or refrain from doing them. Utilitarianism states that the good of the many outweighs
the wants or needs of the individual. The remaining options are not relevant to the situation.
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7. What is the role of the American Nurses Association Code of Ethics and Interpretive
Statements?
1. A) Outlines minimum levels of ethical behavior that nurses must maintain
2. B) Functions as a guide to the highest standards of ethical practice for nurses
3. C) Is a legally binding document that directs a nurses ethical and moral behavior
4. D) Mandates the ethical behavior prerequisite for maintaining a nursing licensure
Ans: B
Feedback:
The ANA Code of Ethics outlines the important general values, duties, and responsibilities
that flow from the specific role of being a nurse in order to achieve and maintain the highest
standards. The document is not legally binding nor is it a mandate of behavior.
8. Which statement regarding ethical decision making is true?
1. A) Outcomes are the basic criterion for evaluating ethical decision making
2. B) Only desirable alternatives are identified when solving ethical dilemmas
3. C) Critical ethical decisions are made quickly so the situation does not worsen
4. D) Accepting some ambiguity and uncertainty are a part of ethical decision making
Ans: D
Feedback:
Ethical decision makers choose between two or more undesirable alternatives, and because
they can use only the information and resources available at the time, they must live with
some ambiguity and uncertainty. The remaining options are not true statements regarding the
ethical decision-making process.
9. Which ethical framework involves an individualized decision-making framework?
1. A) Duty based
2. B) Rights based
3. C) Utilitarian
4. D) Intuitionist
Ans: D
Feedback:
Intuitionist states that each case weighed on a case-by-case basis to determine relative goals,
duties, and rights. Utilitarian provides the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
Duty based is a duty to do something to refrain from doing something. Rights- based
individuals have basic inherent rights that should not be interfered with.
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10. What does the morale principle of autonomy govern? A) A persons right to make his
or her own decision B) The obligation to do good and prevent harm
C) Doing what is right and fairD) Truth telling
Ans: A
Feedback:
Autonomy, or self-determination, is also referred to as freedom of choice and
accepting the responsibility for ones choice. None of the other options addresses this
concept.
11. Protecting patient confidentiality respects the clients right to
1. A) self-esteem
2. B) self-defense
3. C) self-determination
4. D) self-incrimination
Ans: C
Feedback:
Confidentiality is a foundation of both medical and nursing ethics, and it respects the clients
right to self-determination. While the other options are worthy of respect, they are not
associated with confidentiality.
12. Much of the difficulty people have in making ethical decisions results from a lack of
formal education about problem solving. Research at the University of Pennsylvania found
what percentage of the nurses and social workers reported having no ethics training?
1. A) 15
2. B) 20
3. C) 25
4. D) 30
Ans: C
Feedback:
Research done at the University of Pennsylvania found that nearly 25% of the nurses and
social workers reported having received no ethics training. [Show Less]