Adrenergic - create a "surge" of catecholamines (dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline)
What do alpha- adrenergics do? - peripheral arteries
... [Show More] (vasoconstrict)
What do beta1- adrenergics do? - heart (rate accelerates), increases CO, increases metabolic needs
What do beta2- adrenergics do? - bronchioles (dilate), coronary arteries (vasodilate), uterus (contracts)
What are alpha and beta adrenergics combined used for? - used to produce cardiac stimulation, bronchodilation, increases BP and renal blood flow
examples of alpha and beta adrenergics combined - ephedrine and DOPAMINE
Example of beta adrenergics - ALBUTEROL, doubtamine, epinephrine, an isoproterenol (Isuprel)
What does albuterol do? - bronchodilator
what does doubtamine treat? - CHF (chronic heart failure)
What are Adrenergic Blockers? - Inhibit the catecholamine "surge" caused by adrenergic or sympathetic stimulation
what do alpha blockers do? - peripheral vasodilation **can cause shock**
what do beta1- blockers do? - slows heart rate, reduced CO
what do beta2-blockers do? - bronchospams, coronary vasoconstriction, uterine relaxation
what are alpha blockers used for? - to treat "adrenergic excess" such as pheochromocytoma and HTN (hypertension) Crisis (MAOIs)
example of alpha blocker - phentolamine (Rogitine)
side effects of phentolamine (Rogitine) - can cause heart attach
example of beta blockers - propanolol (Inderal) and Timoptic
what does propanolol (Inderal) do? - treats HTN, angina, tachycardia, reduces anxiety by decreasing HR and pulse
what does Timoptic do? - treats glaucoma, migraine, and angina
example of alpha and beta blocker combined - reserpine (Serapsil)
what does reserpine (Serapsil) do? - treats HTN
what is Dopamine? what does it cause? - alpha blocker/ beta agonist; causes tachycardia
What are Cholinergics? - Support the "status quo" by producing acetylcholine or preventing its breakdown
Examples of Cholinergics - neostigmine (Prostigmin); cholinomimetic (Urecholine); physotigmine (Pilocarpine; Isopto-sol)
neostigmine (Prostigmin) - an anticholinersterase (enzyme that prevents breakdown of acetocholine); used to treat Myasthenia Gravis; increases muscle strength; prevents urinary bladder distention and ileus
cholinomimetic (Urecholine) - treats Neurologic bladder (atony); can cause Syncope, cardiac arrest ("Cholinergic Crisis")
physotigmine (Pilocarpine; Isopto-sol) - a miotic (constricts pupils); reduces IOP; treats Glaucoma
what do Anticholinergics do? - suppress the "status quo" by lowering acetylcholine concentration in CNS
What symptoms do Anticholinergics cause? (Anticholinergic response) - Dry mouth, Nasal congestion, Blurred vision, Urinary hesitancy & retention, Constipation, Retrograde ejaculation
examples of anticholinergics - atropine/scopolamine; propantheline (ProBanthine); cyclopentolate; Cogentin/Artane
what does atropine/scopolamine do? - used preoperatively, reduces secretions and the risk of aspiration/ asphyxia
what does propantheline (ProBanthine) do? - an antimuscarinic, antispasmodic; treats peptic ulcer disease (PUD) [Show Less]