Nursing pharmacology - Cardiac
The physician prescribes the patient a loop diuretic. As the nurse you know that this type of diuretic causes diuresis
... [Show More] by MAINLY affecting what structure in the nephron?
A. Distal convoluted tubule
B. Descending limb of the loop of Henle
C. Proximal convoluted tubule
D. Ascending limb of the loop of Henle - ANSWER==D Loop diuretics affect the loop of Henle, specifically the ASCENDING limb (the thick part of this limb).
Loop diuretics are effective with inhibiting sodium reabsorption within the nephron because it inhibits?
A. the sodium-chloride transporter
B. the effects of aldosterone on the distal convoluted tubule
C. the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter
D. the transport of bicarbonate by the proximal convoluted tubule - ANSWER==The answer is C. Loop diuretics INHIBIT the sodium-potassium-chloride (NKCC2) cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. This inhibits the amount of sodium that is reabsorbed by the kidneys, which will cause the nephron to decrease the amount of water it reabsorbs...hence leading to more water leaving the kidneys via the urine (leading to its diuretics affects). Option A is how thiazide diuretics work, option B is how potassium-sparing diuretics work, and option D is how carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work.
Select all the medications below that are considered loop diuretics:
A. Chlorothiazide
B. Bumetanide
C. Triamterene
D. Spironolactone
E. Furosemide
F. Torsemide
G. Hydrochlorothiazide - ANSWER==The answers are B, E, and F.
Your patient is ordered a loop diuretic at 1000. Which finding below would require you to hold the dose and notify the physician for further orders?
A. Calcium level 9 mg/L
B. Potassium level 1.5 mEq/L
C. Blood pressure 102/78
D. Sodium level 144 - ANSWER==The answer is B. Loop diuretics are known to decrease potassium levels due to the way they affect how the nephron wastes potassium (this happens in the distal convoluted tubule due to the high concentrated amount of sodium in the filtrate...this tubule will exchange potassium and hydrogen ions for sodium ions under the influence of aldosterone, which will lead potassium to enter the filtrate and exit the body as urine.)
You're developing a plan of care for a patient with fluid volume overload related to heart failure exacerbation. The physician has prescribed an IV loop diuretic. What nursing interventions will you include in the patient's plan of care? Select all that apply:
A. Perform and assess daily weights.
B. Educate the patient about consuming a low potassium diet.
C. Strict measuring of the patient's daily intake and output.
D. Encourage the patient to drink 2 L of fluids per day.
E. Assess lung sounds every shift. - ANSWER==The answers are A, C, and E. The patient with heart failure exacerbation can experience fluid volume overload because the heart is failing [Show Less]