NURSING NUR 2633 Maternal Child Health Exam 1 study guide
Concept Guide for Week 3 test-chapters: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
• Nutrition in all
... [Show More] 3 trimesters
o special needs diets
▪ caloric intake increases only slightly and requires only a 300 kcal/day increase from prepregnant needs. (normal ranges from 1200-2400 cal/day)
▪ In the first trimester, the average maternal weight gain is 1 to 2.5 kg, and thereafter
the recommended weight gain for a woman of normal weight is approximately 0.4 kg per week. For overweight women, the recommended weekly weight gain during the second and third trimesters is 0.3 kg; for underweight women, it is 0.5 kg.
▪ Dairy products are a great source of protein and include eggs, milk, cheese, and
yogurt. Other protein sources: soy milk and soy cheese, beans, legumes, peanut butter
▪ Calcium is essential for maintaining bone and tooth mineralization and calcification.
During pregnancy, calcium must be available to the fetus for the growth and development of the skeleton and teeth.
▪ Calcium foods: dairy, legumes, dark green leafy vegetables, dried fruits, and nuts.
o vitamins pregnancy
▪ calcium requirement: 1,300 mg/day
▪ Vit D requirement: 600 IU (15mcg)
▪ The iron RDA for prepregnant women ages 14 to 18 is 15 mg/day, for women age 19 and older, 18 mg/day, and for pregnant women, this amount increases to 27 mg/day, starting by 12 weeks of gestation
o Fluid intake recommendations
▪ pregnant women should have an intake of eight to ten (8-oz) glasses of fluid per day.
o Folic acid
▪ Increased estrogen alters the absorption and metabolism of folic acid, producing susceptibility for folic acid deficiency. Folic acid deficiency can cause neural tube defects (NTDs), including spina bifida, cleft lip and palate, and anencephaly.
▪ folic acid helps to regulate red blood cell development and facilitates the oxygen-
carrying capacity of the blood, produces DNA and RNA and helps to maintain normal brain function and to stabilize mental and emotional health.
▪ minimum of 800 mcg/day of folic acid is recommended
▪ Foods that are rich in folic acid include dark leafy greens, asparagus, broccoli, citrus fruits, beans, peas and lentils, avocado, okra, Brussels sprouts, seeds and nuts, fortified breakfast cereals, and calf liver.
• Prenatal
o 1st movements
▪ AKA ‘quickening’, usually felt by the mother between 17-20 weeks
o domestic abuse
▪ During pregnancy, the reported incidence of physical abuse ranges from 4% to 30% (CDC, 2013a), and up to 45% of victims of intimate partner abuse before pregnancy continue to be abused during the pregnancy
▪ Ask if mother feels safe going home
▪ Always report suspected abuse
o recreation drug use
▪ Women may use a number of defenses to emotionally deal with abuse. One method may involve the use of recreational drugs. it is estimated that approximately 3% of pregnant women use nonprescription drugs such as cocaine, amphetamines, heroin, marijuana, or ecstasy. Illegal or recreational drug use can have a number of detrimental effects on maternal and fetal health during pregnancy-see chart below: [Show Less]