Nursing NR222 Exam 1 Health and Wellness 175 Questions with Answers
Health Care Models - CORRECT ANSWER Health Belief model
Health Promotion
... [Show More] model
Transteoretical model
Holistic model
Health belief model - CORRECT ANSWER what the patient believes, perception, behavior to plan care that is most effective when assisting this patient.
has 3 components:
1) individual perceptions of susceptibility to an illness
2) modifying factors to the seriousness of the illness
3) likelihood of action that a person will take preventative action
Health promotion model - CORRECT ANSWER defines health as a positive, dynamic states, not merely the absence of disease.
passive and active, passive is having awareness but active is doing it and engaging
Focuses on three areas,
1. individual characteristics and experiences
2) behavior-specific knowledge and effect
3) behavioral outcomes, in which patient commits to changes
Transtheoretical Model - CORRECT ANSWER Model of behavior change that identifies six distinct stages people go through in altering behavior patterns; also called the stages of change model
precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, relapse
Holistic Model - CORRECT ANSWER encompasses the physiological, mental, emotional, social, spiritual, and environmental aspects of health
whole body, mind, spirit, natural method of healing like alternative medicine like music therapy, relaxation technique
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - CORRECT ANSWER the understanding the interrelationship of basic human needs.
Physiological (food, oxygen, shelter), safety & security (physical and psychological), love & belonging, self-esteem, self-actualization
Healthy people 2020 - CORRECT ANSWER Promotes a society which all people live a long healthy life road map for improving the health of all people in the US
How many overarching goals of Healthy people 2020? - CORRECT ANSWER 4 overarching goals
1) Attain high quality of life, free of preventable diseases
2) Achieve healthy equity, eliminating health disparities & improve the health
3) Create social and physical environment that promotes good health
4) Promote quality of life, healthy development and healthy behaviors
Leading Health Indicators of Health people 2020 - CORRECT ANSWER 11 leading health indicators
examples
1) access to health care
2) clinical preventative services
3)environmental quality
4) injury and violence
5) maternal, infant and child health
6) mental health
7) nutrition, physical activity, and obesity
8) oral health
9) reproductive and sexual health
10) social determinants
11) tobacco
Levels of prevention - CORRECT ANSWER primary, secondary, tertiary
Primary prevention - CORRECT ANSWER are true preventions that lower the chance to develop diseases. For example healthy life choices, disease prevention, screening for risk factors
Primary prevention examples:
immunizations
health education
proper nutrition
maternal/child health care
family planning
control of diseases
Secondary prevention - CORRECT ANSWER Early diagnosis and prompt treatment before disease becomes advanced and disability severe. You are actively looking for the disease
examples:
emergency care
acute med-surge care
radiological procedures for acute problems - x-rays or CT scans
crisis prevention
psychiatric nursing
intensive care
Tertiary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER managing a disease or disability. You have the disease now you are looking to get back to optimal health
provision of medically related services and equipment to patients and families in their homes for example:
Home health
rehabilitation
restorative
respiratory therapy
speech therapy
continuing care in hospice or assisted living
Risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER any situation, habit, or other variables such as social, environmental, physiological, psychological, developmental, intellectual, or spirtiual that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident.
Pre-contemplation Stage - CORRECT ANSWER Stage of change in which people are unwilling to change behavior
Contemplation stage - CORRECT ANSWER stage of change in which people are considering changing behavior in the next 6 months
Preparation Stage - CORRECT ANSWER stage of change in which people are getting ready to make a change within the coming month
Action Stage - CORRECT ANSWER Stage of change in which people are actively changing a negative behavior or adopting a new, healthy behavior
Maintenance Stage - CORRECT ANSWER sustained change over time; begins six months after an action has started and continued indefinitely
Health Variables - CORRECT ANSWER influences a patient health belief and practice through internal and external variables
Internal Variables - CORRECT ANSWER developmental stage
intellectual background perception of functioning
emotional factors
spiritual factors
External Variables - CORRECT ANSWER family practices
socioeconomic factors
cultural background
Nursing - CORRECT ANSWER the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations
Nursing as a Profession (Benner) - CORRECT ANSWER Novice
Advance beginner
Competent
Proficient
Expert
What are the ANA Standards of Practice? - CORRECT ANSWER a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Outcomes Identification
d. Planning
e. Implementation
f. Evaluation
ANA Standards of Professional Performance - CORRECT ANSWER ethics, education, evidence-based practice and research, quality of practice, communication, leadership, collaboration, professional practice evaluation, resources, environmental health
Autonomy - CORRECT ANSWER ability and responsibility to act independently and make decisions based on one's professional knowledge base
Accountability - CORRECT ANSWER ability to answer for one's own actions
Nursing as an art - CORRECT ANSWER compassion, caring, respect, and dignity
Nursing as a science - CORRECT ANSWER nursing practice is based on a body of knowledge that is continually changing with new discoveries and innovations
Nursing today - CORRECT ANSWER care and comfort with an emphasize of health promotion and illness prevention
What do nurses do? - CORRECT ANSWER - Promote health and wellness
- Prevent illness
- Restore or maintain health
- Care for the dying
-make clinical judgements and decisions about patient
-advocate
Roles of Nurses - CORRECT ANSWER caregiver, communicator, teacher/educator, leader, advocate, Manager, NP, CNM, CNS, APRN, nurse educator, nurse administrator, nurse researcher
Caregiver - CORRECT ANSWER help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain a maximal level of function and independence through the healing process
Advocate - CORRECT ANSWER protects patient human and legal rights and provides assistance in asserting these rights
Educator - CORRECT ANSWER Explains, demonstrates, reinforces, and evaluates the patient's progress in learning.
Manager - CORRECT ANSWER Has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit.
Communicator - CORRECT ANSWER central to the nurse-patient relationship; allows you to know your patients, including their strengths, weaknesses, and needs
Nurse practitioner - CORRECT ANSWER Detects and manages self-limiting acute and chronic stable medical conditions
Nurse researcher - CORRECT ANSWER investigates problems to improve nursing care and further define and expand the scope of nursing practice
Nurse Administrator - CORRECT ANSWER manages patient care and the delivery of specific nursing services within a health care agency
What are the external forces that have affected nursing practices in the 21st century - CORRECT ANSWER Revising nurse practice in school
ever-changing society
an aging population
bioteroism
emerging infections
compassion fatigue - CORRECT ANSWER is a term used to describe a state of burnout and secondary traumatic stress
QSEN (Quality and Safety Education for Nurses) - CORRECT ANSWER Patient-Centered Care
Teamwork and Collaboration
Evidence-Based Practice
Quality Improvement
Safety
Informatics
ANA Code of Ethics - CORRECT ANSWER it is the rights and wrongs that defines principles used to provide care
What is the purpose of Nurse practice Act? - CORRECT ANSWER regulates the scope of nursing practice and protect public health, safety, and welfare
RN licensure - CORRECT ANSWER Provides a standardized minimum knowledge base for nurses
Health - CORRECT ANSWER a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Positive health behaviors - CORRECT ANSWER activities related to maintaining, attaining, or regaining good health and preventing illness
negative health behaviors - CORRECT ANSWER practices actually or potentially harmful to health e.g. smoking, drug or alcohol abuse, poor diet and refusal to take necessary medications
Wellness - CORRECT ANSWER overall state of well-being or total health
illness prevention - CORRECT ANSWER activities such as immunization programs protect patients from actual or potential threats to health
passive strategies of health promotion - CORRECT ANSWER individuals gain from the activities of others without acting themselves (ex. homogenized milk with vitamin D)
active strategies of health promotion - CORRECT ANSWER Individuals adopt specific health programs. (ex. weight-reduction, smoking-cessation programs)
Illness - CORRECT ANSWER is a state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social, development, or spiritual functioning is impaired.
Disease - CORRECT ANSWER as the failure of a person's adaptive mechanism to counteract stimuli and stresses adequately, resulting in functional or structural disturbances.
Nursing diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER identifies an actual or potential problem or response to a problem
Functional health patterns - CORRECT ANSWER provides the foundation for the construction of the NANDA-I nursing diagnosis nomenclature
What is the role of the Nursing scope? - CORRECT ANSWER giving essential care to provide specific service according to the standards of practice and the code of ethics
Genomics - CORRECT ANSWER study of genes in a person and the interaction of these genes with one another.
What is the purpose of QSEN? - CORRECT ANSWER it challenges and prepares nurses with the competencies needed to continue to improve the quality of care in the work environment
Holism - CORRECT ANSWER a concept that considers the whole person; the whole person has physical, social, psychological, and spiritual parts that are woven together and cannot be separated
Public health nurses are involved in supporting active health promotion strategies such as: - CORRECT ANSWER participating in an individual daily exercise program.
The nurse is teaching about primary prevention and includes which educational statement in the instructions? - CORRECT ANSWER Health teaching about the risk factors of heart disease should be performed.
Four distinct models have been used to describe concepts of health. Which of the following statements accurately describes some of the models used? (select all that apply) - CORRECT ANSWER 1. The role performance model of health defines health in terms of individuals' ability to perform social roles.
2. In the adaptive model of health, people's ability to adjust positively to social, mental, and physiological change is the measure of their health.
3. In the eudaimonistic model, exuberant well-being indicates optimal health.
The client who would be least likely to participate in health teaching activities would choose which model? - CORRECT ANSWER clinical model
Health is considered to be a metaparadigm for nursing and includes which of the following components? (select all that apply) - CORRECT ANSWER person, health, environment, nursing
In addition to changes in ethnic and racial distribution within the population, it is expected that changes in __ distribution will affect health promotion practice. - CORRECT ANSWER age
What are the two overarching goals of Healthy People 2010? (select two that apply) - CORRECT ANSWER Increase quality and years of life, Eliminate health disparities
Nurses in the school setting can participate in health promotion activities through creating nut-free schools. This would protect hypersensitive children from life-threatening allergic reactions to peanuts and other nut products. This type of program is an example of which of the following interventions? - CORRECT ANSWER primary
The nurse assesses a community for evidence of health-promotion strategies. Which of the following are health-promotion strategies? (select all that apply) - CORRECT ANSWER Self-care for minor illness , Environmental changes to enhance clean air , Supporting Habitat for Humanity house construction
Health-promotion strategies go beyond providing information. It is proactive decision making at all levels of society. Strategies identified within this decision-making process are screening, self-care for minor illness, readiness for emergencies, successful management of chronic illness, environmental changes to enhance positive behaviors, and health-enhancing policies within an organizational setting. Health-promotion efforts focus on maintaining or improving the general health of individuals, families, and communities through support of housing at the public and community level; and at the personal level by voting and volunteering for improved low-income housing.
Which of the following agencies or initiatives have been driving forces in health care reform and the prevention of disease in society? (select all that apply) - CORRECT ANSWER Healthy people 2020, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare , U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
When a nurse utilizes aggressive action on behalf of a care recipient, he or she is considered to be practicing:
A. Social justice
B. Advocacy
C. moral agency
D. assertiveness - CORRECT ANSWER B. Advocacy
Which nursing intervention would be based upon utilitarian theory?
A. Initiating resuscitation of a 20-week gestation newborn
B. Preparing a 52-year-old woman with uterine cancer for a hysterectomy
C. Placing a 92-year-old client with terminal congestive heart failure on a ventilator
D. Administering chemotherapy to a 17-year-old with leukemia who states that he wants everything terminated - CORRECT ANSWER B. Preparing a 52-year-old woman with uterine cancer for a hysterectomy
Which of the following statements best supports the ethical principle of justice?
A. Access to health care should be provided for all people.
B. Dialysis should be available for clients who adhere to their prescribed dietary regimes.
C. Transplant organs should be allocated based on the ability to pay for hospital costs.
D. Health-promotion interventions should be provided to those who agree to pay more for health services. - CORRECT ANSWER A. Access to health care should be provided for all people.
Which statement supports the principle of beneficence that overrides a person's autonomy?
A. The nurse presses the button to administer pain medication through a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) infusion.
B. The nurse maintains confidentiality to an HIV-positive husband who does not want his wife informed of his HIV status.
C. The nurse instructs parents that their newborn must be placed in a car seat that faces the back of the seat in the back seat of the car.
D. The nurse counsels a 21-year-old woman delivering her third child that she should request a tubal ligation. - CORRECT ANSWER C. The nurse instructs parents that their newborn must be placed in a car seat that faces the back of the seat in the back seat of the car.
In health promotion settings, individual autonomy may be limited by:
A. Freedom of speech
B. Freedom of action
C. the duty of protecting the health and safety of society.
D. public policy - CORRECT ANSWER C. the duty of protecting the health and safety of society.
Which of the following statements accurately describe ethical theories? (Select all that apply)
A) Normative theories are concerned with ensuring good actions.
B) Consequentialist theories hold that decisions should take into account all knowable potential consequences.
C) Religions and duty-based theories assert that certain duties will produce good outcomes.
D) Descriptive theories are directive.
E) Descriptive theories tell us what actions to take. - CORRECT ANSWER Religions and duty-based theories assert that certain duties will produce good outcomes.
Consequentialist theories hold that decisions should take into account all knowable potential consequences.
Normative theories are concerned with ensuring good actions.
The nurse recognizes that the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics identifies expectations of ethical behavior through statements regarding:
A. the primary goals, values, and obligations of the profession.
B. specific standards of care for selected populations.
C. disciplinary actions for incompetent nursing practice.
D. legal standards of practice. - CORRECT ANSWER A. the primary goals, values, and obligations of the profession.
In health-promotion activities, which of the following statements is accurate regarding respect for autonomy? (select all that apply)
A) Individuals must be given the information they need to make choices.
B) Choices are autonomous when public policy dictates the action.
C) Autonomous choices are made when the person can understand the risks and benefits of the choices.
D) Autonomous choices are acceptable even when mental capacity is questionable.
E) Choices are considered autonomous in the absence of coercive influence. - CORRECT ANSWER -Individuals must be given the information they need to make choices.
-Autonomous choices are made when the person can understand the risks and benefits of the choices.
-Choices are considered autonomous in the absence of coercive influence.
The nurse participates in the process of ethical inquiry in health promotion to: (select all that apply)
A) facilitate in-depth data gathering.
B) resolve all ethical problems related to health promotion.
C) understand what is expected of the health-promotion agent viewed as a moral agent.
D) gain clarity on actual or potential issues regarding health-promotion endeavors.
E) foresee all possible consequences of ethical issues related to health promotion.
F) permit the uncovering of hidden agendas and interests.
G) focus on salient aspects of problems, thus enhancing professional judgment. - CORRECT ANSWER A) facilitate in-depth data gathering.
C) understand what is expected of the health-promotion agent viewed as a moral agent.
D) gain clarity on actual or potential issues regarding health-promotion endeavors.
F) permit the uncovering of hidden agendas and interests.
G) focus on salient aspects of problems, thus enhancing professional judgment.
What are some of the definitions that support using the term profession to denote the status of nursing? (select all that apply)
A) Nursing is considered a profession because it provides a service to society.
B) Nursing is considered a profession because of the stable employment opportunities.
C) Nursing is self-governing.
D) Members of the nursing profession are accountable for their actions.
E) Members of a profession abide by a code of ethics. - CORRECT ANSWER A) Nursing is considered a profession because it provides a service to society.
C) Nursing is self-governing.
D) Members of the nursing profession are accountable for their actions.
E) Members of a profession abide by a code of ethics.
Ethics - CORRECT ANSWER is the study of conduct and character
Beneficence - CORRECT ANSWER Doing good or causing good to be done; kindly action
Nonmaleficence - CORRECT ANSWER avoidance of harm or hurt
Justice - CORRECT ANSWER fairness; rightfulness
Fidelity - CORRECT ANSWER faithfulness; loyalty
Advocacy - CORRECT ANSWER support; active pleading on behalf of someone or something
Responsibility - CORRECT ANSWER willingness to respect obligations and follow through on promises
Confidentially - CORRECT ANSWER Respecting the privacy of both parties and keeping details secret
Social Networking - CORRECT ANSWER the creation and maintenance of personal and business relationships especially online
Values - CORRECT ANSWER is a personal belief about the worth of a given idea, attitude, custom. or object that sets standards that influence behavior.
Value clarification - CORRECT ANSWER helps you explore values and feelings and decide how to act on personal beliefs and respects values of others, even if they differ from your own
Deontology - CORRECT ANSWER defines actions as right or wrong based on their "right-making characteristics" such as fidelity to promises, truthfulness, and justice
Veracity - CORRECT ANSWER truthfulness
Utilitarianism - CORRECT ANSWER relies on the application of a certain principle (i.e measure of "good" and "greatest")
Consequentialism - CORRECT ANSWER an ethical system that determines the level of goodness or evil from the effect or result of an act
Teleology - CORRECT ANSWER the explanation of phenomena by the purpose they serve rather than by postulated causes.
Ethics of care - CORRECT ANSWER address issues beyond individual relationships such as ethical concerns
Casuistry - CORRECT ANSWER case-based reasoning, turns away from conventional principles of ethics as a way to determine best actions and focuses instead on an "intimate understanding of particular situations"
Key steps in the resolution of an ethical dilemma - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Ask the ? is this an ethical dilemma
2) Gather info relevant to the case
3) Clarify values; distinguish among fact, opinion, & values.
4) Verbalize the problem
5) Identify possible courses of action
6) Negotiate a plan
7) Evaluate the plan overtime [Show Less]