Nursing C 787 Module 2 Complete Study Guide. Latest 2022/ Unit 2: Nutrition to Support Wellness (Cohort 1 Video)Reading: Macronutrients
-Identify the
... [Show More] differences between macronutrients and micronutrients
Macronutrients: are carbs, lipids & proteins. Provides energy needed for growth, thermoregulation, physical activity, pregnancy/lactation. Needed in larger amts than micronutrients
Micronutrients: vitamins/minerals in small amts for good health/development. Play various roles in cell metabolism. Deficiencies cause widespread health probs.
-Differentiate the S/S for the following diseases:
Obesity: excess consumption. Increased risk for CAD, some cancers & type 2 diabetes. Puts stress on knee/ankle joints. Is an energy imbalance, where energy intake exceeds energy expenditure.
Influenced by genetic/environmental factors.
Marasmus: general deficiency of macronutrients. Also called protein-calorie malnutrition. Kwashiorkor: primarily attributed to deficiency of dietary protein. s/sx include fatigue, irritability, lethargy, poor growth, apathy, edema, decreased muscle mass, large belly, diarrhea, dermatitis, change in hair, infections. Can lead to coma/death.
Anorexia nervosa: restricted intake. Body weight @ or < 85% of normal. Intense fear of wt gain, distorted perception of body wt. 3rd most common condition of adolescents. Common co-morbid conditions: OCD, depression, anxiety, social phobia. Can lead to decreased micronutrient intake, which leads to death.
Bulimia nervosa: binge eating f/b purging (vomiting or misuse of laxatives/diuretics). Can lead to obesity.
Pellagra: Deficiency of Niacin (Vit B3). Characterized by “4 D’s of Pellagra:” dermatitis, diarrhea,
dementia & death.
Reading: Micronutrients
Identify diseases/illness related to specific vitamin deficiencies (vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, iron, iodine, etc.).
Vit C Deficiency (Scurvy): Early signs are bleeding gums/pinpoint hemorrhages under skin, rough scaly skin, hardening of arteries or massive bleeding can happen & lead to death.
Vit D Deficiency (Rickets): bone formation impaired. Bow legged appearance Vit A Deficiency: leads to blindness. Even mild deficiency causes diarrhea & URIs Iron Deficiency (Anemia):
Iodine Deficiency: leads to physical/mental developmental delays.
Reading: Malnutrition
Identify the differences between kwashiorkor and marasmus
Kwashiorkor: Adequate calories, not enough protein. Often occurs in areas of famine, low food supply, low education levels. Often tropical regions w/ diet high in starch/low in protein. Early RX has
+ results. Without RX, is fatal
Marasmus: means to “waste away.” Is acute form of malnutrition. Deficiency of BOTH calories AND protein. Most severe form of childhood malnutrition. Body fat stores used for energy & then muscle is broken down for body fuel. Person appears as skin/bones w/ lg eyes, bald head, aged/gaunt
appearance. Once severe muscle wasting occurs, death is imminent. Have below norm body temp.
Reading: Treating Malnutrition
Identify effects and treatments for malnutrition
Has adverse effects on physical/psychosocial wellbeing by predisposing to disease. Mostly treatable by optimizing food intake & using oral nutritional supplements. Effects: poor health, increased
infections, increased hosp admits, longer recovery time, increased dependency, more MD visits, [Show Less]