Nursing 101 Test 1 unit 1-4|160 Questions with Verified Answers
Nursing Through the Decades - CORRECT ANSWER Angel of
... [Show More] mercy
Handmaiden
Battle-ax
Naughty nurse
Military Image
Caucasian Woman
Case Method - CORRECT ANSWER -1:1 nursing care
-ICU
Functional Nursing - CORRECT ANSWER -Tasks assigned to each team member
Team Nursing - CORRECT ANSWER -Most commonly used model
-a group of healthcare professionals, including nurses, care for a group of patients in the acute care or inpatient setting
Primary Nursing - CORRECT ANSWER -Manages a group of patients
Differentiated Practice - CORRECT ANSWER -Based upon competencies able to perform
Thinking Skills - CORRECT ANSWER Clinical judgment
Critical thinking, reflective thinking
Problem solving
****QSEN Competencies for Nursing Education - CORRECT ANSWER Patient-centered care
Safety
Evidenced based practice
Informatics
Teamwork and collaboration
Quality
WHAT HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS WILL YOU WORK WITH? - CORRECT ANSWER Physicians
-MD/DO
-Hositalists
Physician's assistants (PAs)
Nurse Practitioner (NP)
WHERE IS HEALTHCARE PROVIDED? - CORRECT ANSWER -Hospitals
-Extended Care Facilities
-Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNF)
-Rehab services
-Residential services
-Subacute units
-Assisted Living Facilities
-Rehabilitation Centers
-Ambulatory Care
-Community and Home Care
Levels of Preventative care - CORRECT ANSWER Primary Care: aims to prevent disease or injury before it ever occurs. This is done by preventing exposures to hazards that cause disease or injury, altering unhealthy or unsafe behaviours that can lead to disease or injury, and increasing resistance to disease or injury should exposure occur.
Secondary Care: aims to reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred. This is done by detecting and treating disease or injury as soon as possible to halt or slow its progress, encouraging personal strategies to prevent reinjury or recurrence, and implementing programs to return people to their original health and function to prevent long-term problems.
Tertiary Care: aims to soften the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects. This is done by helping people manage long-term, often-complex health problems and injuries (e.g. chronic diseases, permanent impairments) in order to improve as much as possible their ability to function, their quality of life and their life expectancy.
How Is Nursing Defined? - CORRECT ANSWER -Challenging
-Continually Changing
the profession or practice of providing care for the sick and infirm
Why Is It Important To Create A Definition? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Help Public Understand The Value Of Nursing
2. Describe What Activities/Roles Belong To Nursing Vs. Other Health Professions
3. Help Students & Practicing Nurses Understand What Is Expected Of Them
INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF NURSES (ICN)
-Definition of Nursing - CORRECT ANSWER -Represents nurses throughout the world
According to theorist Virginia Henderson:
"The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge." ~1966
Revised:
"Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled and dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles." ~2007
AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION (ANA)
-Definition of Nursing - CORRECT ANSWER "The diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual and potential health problems." ~1980
Acknowledged five characteristics of nursing:
1. Nursing practice is individualized
2. Nurses coordinate care by establishing partnerships (with persons, families, support systems, and other providers)
3. Caring is central to the practice of the registered nurse
4. Registered nurses use the nursing process to plan and provide individualized care to their patients
5. A strong link exists between the professional work environment and the registered nurse's ability to provide quality health care and achieve optimal outcomes ~2010
Revised:
"The protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations."
-ANA Code for Nurses
PRACTICAL AND VOCATIONAL NURSING EDUCATION - CORRECT ANSWER -Prepares nurses to provide bedside care to clients
-MUST pass NCLEX-PN exam
-Work under direction of registered nurse (RN) or primary care provider (PCP)
REGISTERED NURSING EDUCATION - CORRECT ANSWER -(All MUST successfully complete NCLEX-RN exam)
Diploma:
-Focuses on clinical experience in direct patient care
Associate:
-Prepare to provide direct patient care
Baccalaureate:
-Prepare to provide direct patient care, to work in community care, to use research, and to enter graduate education
GRADUATE NURSING EDUCATION - CORRECT ANSWER -Prepare RN for advanced practice, expanded roles, or research
-Prepare RNs to function in a more independent role
CONTINUING EDUCATION PROGRAMS - CORRECT ANSWER -Ensure nurses keep up with current clinical knowledge
-Available at work sites, colleges, privately-operated, Internet, professional journals
-Renewal of nursing license requires
Patricia Benner's Novice To Expert Model - CORRECT ANSWER Stage 1: Novice
Onset of education
Stage 2: Advanced Beginner
-After considerable exposure to clinical situations, improve in performance
-Begin to recognize the elements of a situation
-"New Grad"
Stage 3: Competence
-After few years of practice
Able to handle patient load and prioritize situations
Stage 4: Proficient
-Resource for less experienced nurses
-Able to see the "big picture" and can forecast needs
Stage 5: Expert
-Trust in and use their intuition while operating with a deep understanding of a situation
-Often consulted when others need advice or assistance
NURSE PRACTICE ACTS - CORRECT ANSWER -Laws that regulate nursing practice
-Each state enacts its own nurse practice act
State Board of Nursing (BON) responsible for:
-Defining the practice of nursing
-Establishing criteria that allow a person to be considered an RN or LPN/LVN
-Determining activities that are in the scope of practice of nursing
-Enforcing rules that govern nursing
-To practice nursing, an individual must be licensed as a nurse
-Credentialing
-Licensing
-Discipline
ANA: SCOPE AND STANDARDS OF CLINICAL NURSING PRACTICE - CORRECT ANSWER TABLE 1-5 in book
American Nurses Associations (ANA) - CORRECT ANSWER -Set standards and articulate nursing values
--Ex. The Code for Nurses
--Provides guidelines for nurses to conduct themselves in their practice
-Track healthcare legislation
-Publish educational materials on nursing news, issues, standards
National League for Nursing (NLN) - CORRECT ANSWER -Set standards for and evaluates all types of nursing education programs
-Aid faculty development and Fund research on nursing education
-Publish the journal, Nursing Education Perspectives
International Council of Nursing (ICN) - CORRECT ANSWER -Composed of a federation of national nursing organizations from more than 120 nations
-Supports global health policies that advance nursing and improve worldwide health
National Student Nurses Association (NSNA) - CORRECT ANSWER Student counterpart of the ANA
Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI) - CORRECT ANSWER National honor society for nursing
****FACTORS INFLUENCING NURSING PRACTICE:
TRENDS IN SOCIETY - CORRECT ANSWER The National Economy:
-Health insurance coverage and benefits with (un)employment
-Expensive Healthcare Industry
Limit medications/services available in public supported healthcare programs
The Growing Proportion of Older Adults in the US:
-More medical and nursing care
Changes in Healthcare Consumers:
-Consumers demanding greater choice in decisions that affect their health
-Access to vast amounts of health and medical information
-Request advertised products and services
Collective Bargaining:
-Form of negotiating that allows nurses to seek better wages and working conditions as a group
*****FACTORS INFLUENCING NURSING PRACTICE:
TRENDS IN NURSING AND HEALTHCARE - CORRECT ANSWER Increased Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)
-Rising costs of traditional care, concern about safety of traditional healthcare, distrust of managed care organizations
-EX: Homeopathy, naturopathy, chiropractic, traditional Chinese medicine, herbal medications, dietary changes, massage therapy, yoga, aromatherapy, prayer, hypnotism
Expanded Variety of Settings for Care:
-Outpatient, community, home settings
Interest in Inter-Professional Collaboration:
-Process of joint decision making among independent parties
-Involving joint ownership of decisions and collective responsibility for outcomes
Increased Use of Advanced Practice Nurses:
-High patient satisfaction
-Cost effectiveness
Increased Use of Nursing Assistive Personnel (NAP):
-Nurse aide, assistant, orderly, technician
-Perform simple nursing tasks (bathing, vital signs, making beds) under direction of licensed nurse
Influence of Nurses on Healthcare Policy:
-Professional nursing organizations are actively involved in local, state, and national politics
-Actively lobbies and educates elected and appointed officials about the role of nursing in healthcare
Essential Concepts Of A Nursing Theory - CORRECT ANSWER -Person, environment, health , nursing
-Represent phenomena of concern for nursing
Definitions
-Statement of the meaning of a term or concept that sets forth the concept's characteristics or indicators
-Theoretical definition: refers to the conceptual meaning of a term
-Operational definition: specifies how you would observe or measure the concept
Statements (Propositions)
-Systematically describe the linkages and interactions among the concepts of a theory
-The statements ,taken as a whole, make up the theory
DEVELOPMENT OF THEORIES (reasonings) - CORRECT ANSWER Reasoning
-Connecting ideas in a way that makes sense
Logical Reasoning
-Develop a statement based on evidence that will result in a logical conclusion
Inductive Reasoning
-Moves from the specific to the general
-Gather pieces of information, recognize a pattern, form a generalization
Deductive Reasoning
-Starts with a general premise and moves to a specific deduction
-Have the "big picture" about what is true in general, and from that you can figure out logically what is likely to be true
Florence Nightingale - CORRECT ANSWER -Revolutionized nursing
-Developed theory that a clean environment would improve health of patients
Virginia Henderson - CORRECT ANSWER -Recognized there was no clear description of the purpose and function of nursing
-Henderson's idea: Nurses deserve to know what it means to be a nurse
-Identified 14 basic needs that are addressed by nursing care
Hildegard Peplau - CORRECT ANSWER -Peplau's idea: health could be improved for psychiatric patients if there were a more effective way to communicate with them
-Developed the theory of interpersonal relations, which focuses on the relationship a nurse has with the patient
Patricia Benner - CORRECT ANSWER -Novice to Expert
Jean Watson - CORRECT ANSWER -Describes what caring means from a nursing perspective
-"Mechanistic nurse"
-"Something more" behaviors = Caring behaviors
Madeleine Leininger - CORRECT ANSWER -Focused on cultural competence
SISTER ROACH'S 6 C'S OF CARING
Rivier University's Organizing Framework
See Student Nursing Handbook - CORRECT ANSWER Compassion
-Ability to understand and share in people's experiences, and to exhibit a sensitivity and responsiveness to others
Competence
-Possession of knowledge, judgment, skills, energy, experience, and motivation required by the profession of nursing
Confidence
-Quality which fosters mutual trust and respect between client and nurse
Conscience
-State of moral awareness
-Grows out of experience and out of a process of valuing self and others
-Professional caring demands that our moral awareness be fine-tuned by the discipline of knowledge and moral inquiry
Commitment
-Complex decision-making process involving a convergence between one's desires and one's obligations, and by a deliberate choice to act in accordance with the roles and responsibilities of the professional nurse
-Involves a devotion to needs of the other, as well as those of the self
Comportment
-Using a manner of bearing, demeanor, language, and dress that is in harmony with respect and caring for the individual patient
-Reflects self respect and serves to represent the profession as a whole
Maslow's Hierarchy of Basic Human Needs (6) - CORRECT ANSWER Lower-level needs MUST BE MET before higher needs can be achieved
Physiological Needs:
-Most basic, must be met to maintain life
-Food, air, water, temperature regulation, elimination, rest, sex, physical activity
Safety and Security Needs:
-Physical: Protection from physical harm (falls, infection) and having adequate shelter (housing with sanitation, heat)
-Emotional: Freedom from fear and anxiety—feeling safe in physical environment and relationships
Love and Belonging Needs:
-Strives for meaningful relationships with others
-Feeling of belonging (family, peers, community)
Self Esteem Needs
-Comes through a sense of accomplishment and recognition from others
-Brings confidence and independence
Self-Actualization Needs:
-Need to reach your full potential and to act unselfishly
-Develops wisdom and knows what to do in variety of situations
>Cognitive Needs: to know, understand, explore
>Aesthetic Needs: for symmetry, order, and beauty
Transcendence of Self:
-Drive to connect to something beyond one's self
-To help others realize their potential
HOW DO NURSES USE THEORIES?
In Nursing Practice - CORRECT ANSWER -Serve as a guide for assessment, problem identification, choosing nursing interventions
-Help nurses communicate to others what it is that makes nurses unique and important to the interdisciplinary team
-Clinical Practice Theories
>Specifically guide what you do each day
>Limited in scope
>>Nightingale's theory emphasized the importance of environment in care of patients
HOW DO NURSES USE THEORIES?
In Nursing Education - CORRECT ANSWER -Schools of nursing use theories to guide curriculum planning, programs, and projects
-Grand Theories
>Cover broad areas of concern within a discipline
>Abstract
>Deals with relationships among nurse, person, health, environment
HOW DO NURSES USE THEORIES?
In Nursing Research - CORRECT ANSWER -Help generate new knowledge by suggesting questions for researchers to study
-Use theories and models as a framework for structuring a study
Nursing Research - CORRECT ANSWER -A systematic, objective process of analyzing phenomena of importance in nursing
-Encompasses all clinical practice arenas, nursing education, and nursing administration
1. What is the purpose of nursing research?
2. Who conducts research?
3. Examples of nursing practice changes as a result of evidence based research
4. Why do you need to know?
5. What are some barriers?
Evidence-based Practice
What is evidence? - CORRECT ANSWER Meta-analysis
Quantitative Research
Qualitative Research
Commitment to the Professional Role - CORRECT ANSWER Legal and Ethical Responsibilities
Life-long Learning
Compassion and Caring
Legal Responsibility**** - CORRECT ANSWER Laws:
-Established to protect society
-Nursing practice guided by legal principles
-Purpose of laws
1.
2.
3.
Sources of Law:
-United States Constitution
-Federal and state legislatures
-Administrative agencies
-Courts
Federal Laws Guiding Nursing Practice - CORRECT ANSWER -Patient's Bill of Rights
-Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA)
-Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA)
-Patient Self-Determination Act
-Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Mandatory Reporting Laws - CORRECT ANSWER -Communicable disease
-Abuse
Good Samaritan laws - CORRECT ANSWER -Differ by state
-New Hampshire Good Samaritan Law
-Massachusetts Good Samaritan Law
Nurse Practice Acts - CORRECT ANSWER ....
Standard of Care - CORRECT ANSWER -What a reasonable and prudent nurse would do in a given situation
Derived from:
-Nurse Practice Acts (mandatory standards)
-Professional Organizations (voluntary)
>Joint Commission
>ANA
Guidelines - CORRECT ANSWER -Institutional polices and procedures
-ANA Code of Ethics
-Patient Care Partnership
-ANA Nurses Bill of Rights
ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses - CORRECT ANSWER Provision 1:
The nurse practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and unique attributes of every person
Provision 2:
The nurse's primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, group, community, or population
a. Refers to the concept of keeping a commitment, promises.
b. An agreement to respect another's right to self-determine a course of action; support of independent decision making.
c. Compassion; taking positive action to help others; desire to do good
d. Refers to patients having an equal and fair distribution of resources, based on analysis of benefits and burdens of decision, regardless of what they have contributed or who they are.
e. Avoidance of harm
f. Telling the truth - CORRECT ANSWER b. Autonomy
e. Nonmaleficence
c. Beneficence
a. Fidelity
f. Veracity
d. Justice
Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) - CORRECT ANSWER -Also known as Nosocomial infections (old term)
-Aggravate existing illness
-Lengthen recovery time
-One of the 10 leading causes of death in the US
Gives guidelines to follow on how to take care of patients and keep people safe: - CORRECT ANSWER -Centers for disease control (CDC)
-The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
-The Joint Commission
-Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
-American Nurses Association (ANA)
The Chain of Infection:
Six Links - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Infectious Agent
-Normal flora
-Pathogens
-Factors for infection to occur
2. Reservoir
-Living and nonliving reservoirs
-Ideal conditions to live
-People can be a carrier
3. Portal of Exit
-Body fluids(blood, urine, stool, mucus)
-Coughing and sneezing
-Diarrhea
-Seeping wounds
-Tubes
4. Mode of transmission
-Contact
>Direct(touching, kissing)
>Indirect(sneezing, coughing)
-Droplet
-Airborne
>Vectors(mosquitos)
5. Portal of Entry
-Normal openings(mouth)
-Abnormal openings(cuts, surgical insitions)
-Bites from a vector
6. Susceptible Host
-Inadequate defenses
-Determining factors (age, some drugs)
virulence : - CORRECT ANSWER power to cause disease
Classification of Infections - CORRECT ANSWER By Location:
-Local
>Occurs in a limited region in the body
>Want to find infection as local
-Systemic
>Spread via blood or lymph
-By Duration
>Acute (short lived)
>Chronic(develop slowly, long term)
>Latent (does not happen right away, flares when there is stress or other reasons, no symptoms for years sometimes)
5 Predictable Stages of infection - CORRECT ANSWER -Incubation(first getting infection)
-Prodromal(small signs)
-Illness(symptoms)
-Decline(infection is getting better)
-Convalescence(tissue is repairing and health is coming back)
Drug- Resistant Pathogens - CORRECT ANSWER -Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
-Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE)
-Clostridium difficile (C-DIFF)
Factors That Increase Infection Risk - CORRECT ANSWER -Developmental stage(age[very young/old])
-Breaks in the skin(portals of entry)
-Illness or injury
-Smoking, substance abuse
-Multiple sex partners
-Medications that inhibit/decrease immune response
-Nursing/medical procedures
Wellness Promotion - CORRECT ANSWER -Adequate Balanced Nutrition
-Hygiene- includes dental care
-Rest and Sleep
-Exercise and Activity
-Stress Reduction
-UTD Immunizations
Practicing Medical Asepsis
Promoted through: - CORRECT ANSWER -Maintaining a clean environment
-Maintaining clean hands
-Following Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines
Guidelines for Hand Hygiene - CORRECT ANSWER WASH YOUR HANDS!!!
•When you arrive in the unit
•When you leave the unit
•Before and after restroom use
•Before and after patient contact
•Before and after contact with patient belongings
•Before gloving
•After glove removal
•Before and after touching your face
•Before and after eating
•After touching a contaminated article
•When you see visible dirt on your hands
Maintaining a Clean Environment - CORRECT ANSWER Cleaning:
•Remove Clutter
•Throw unused items away
•Clean spills and dirty surfaces promptly
Disinfecting- know what is used at your facility:
•Remove pathogens through chemical means
•Santi-Wipes, chemical cleaning sprays
•Consider supplies brought into patients room as well as, items from home, contaminated
Sterilizing
CDC Guidelines 2 Tiers of Protection:
Preventing Transmission of Pathogens**** - CORRECT ANSWER Standard Precautions (Tier 1)
•Applies to care of ALL patients
•Should be used whenever there is a possibility of coming in contact with blood and body fluids, etc.
Includes:
•Hand Hygiene
•Gloves
•Respiratory/cough Etiquette
•Gown
•Masks/eye protection
•Private room
•Puncture resistant sharps containers
Contact Precautions (Tier 2):
•Used when Pathogens are spread by direct contact, droplet or air.
•Sources of infection: draining wounds, secretions, supplies
Follow all standard precautions in addition to:
•Private room
•Signage outside door
•Clean gowns, gloves
•Disposal of contaminated items in room
•Double-bag linen and mark with contamination sticker
Droplet Precautions (Tier 2)
•Pathogen is spread via moist droplets
•Sources include: Coughing, sneezing, touching contaminated objects
Follow all standard and contact precautions in addition to:
•Mask and eye protection within 3 feet of patient
Airborne Precautions (Tier 2)
•Used when Pathogens are spread by air currents
•Transmission via ventilation systems, shaking sheets, sweeping
Precautions Include Same as those for contact with addition of:
•Special negative pressure room
•N-95 special fitted mask for HCW
•Regular Mask for patient when transporting out of room
Surgical Asepsis**** - CORRECT ANSWER Levels of asepsis:
•Sterile technique: free from all pathogens
•Modified sterile technique
•Clean technique
Developmental Factors
that Affect Safety - CORRECT ANSWER •Infants/Toddlers
•Preschoolers
•School-Age Children
•Adolescence
•Adults
•Older Adults
Individual Risk Factors
for Safety Concerns in the Older Adult - CORRECT ANSWER •Lifestyle(drug use, smoking)
•Cognition(forgetful?)
•Balance, gait, and mobility
•Ability to communicate
•Visual acuity
•Emotional health
•Safety awareness
Safety Hazards in the Home - CORRECT ANSWER •Poisoning
•Carbon Monoxide
•Scalds and Burns
•Fires
•Falls
•Firearms
•Suffocation/Asphyxiation
•Take home toxins
Safety Hazards in the Community - CORRECT ANSWER >Motor Vehicle Injuries
>Pathogens:
•Food
•Vector
•Animals
•Water-Borne
>Pollution:
•Air
•Water
•Noise
•Soil
>Electrical storms
Safety Hazards in the Healthcare Facility - CORRECT ANSWER -Falls
>Prevention: fall risk assessment; environmental safety; clean, dry floors; patient education
-Equipment-related accidents
-Fires/electrical hazards
-Restraints
-Side rails
-Mercury poisoning
>Prevention: yearly facility training; following facility policy
Safety Hazards for Healthcare Workers - CORRECT ANSWER -Back injury
-Needle stick injury
-Radiation injury
-Workplace violence
Prevention:
•Body mechanics
•Sharps awareness; proper disposal
•Radiation precautions
•Environmental awareness of personal safety
Restraints - CORRECT ANSWER Violent behavior
-Risk of harm to self or others
Emergency
-Obtain order after application
-Prescriber must see patient within 1 hour
-Every 15 min safety checks
-Every 2 hour RN assessment and documentation
Non-violent behavior
-Risk for interfering with medical treatment
-Obtain order after application
-Prescriber must see patient within 24 hours
-Every 1 hour safety checks
-Every 2 hour RN assessment and documentation
... - CORRECT ANSWER ...
The Way We Move Our Bodies: 4 Components - CORRECT ANSWER •1. BODY ALIGNMENT (POSTURE)
•Spine in neutral (resting) position
•Maintains 4 natural curves
•2. BALANCE
•Line of gravity must pass through center of gravity
•Center of gravity must be close to base of support
(to avoid injury: place center of gravity closest to base of support, use wide stance)
•3. COORDINATION
•Between nervous and musculoskeletal systems
-cerebellum
-cerebral cortex
-basal ganglia
•Proprioception
•4. JOINT MOBILITY
•RANGE OF MOTION (ROM)
•Active ROM (AROM)
•Passive ROM (PROM)
PRINCIPLES OF BODY MECHANICS - CORRECT ANSWER •Reduce risk for injury
•Safe practice for moving and lifting patients
•Considerations: Patient Characteristics/Conditions; Environment
•ANA Handle With Care Campaign (See CANVAS)
33-1: applying principles of body mechanisms
•TYPES OF EXERCISE - CORRECT ANSWER PYSICAL ACTIVITY
•2 categories:
•baseline:
•exercise:
•Isometric Exercises: no movement with contraction, planking, working against an unmovable force
•Isotonic Exercise: movement with contraction, moving weights through a range of motion
•Isokinetic Exercise: movement with machine
•Aerobic Exercise: with oxygen, jogging
•Anaerobic Exercise: no oxygen, from stored energy, explosion of energy at once, short lived
RISKS OF EXERCISE - CORRECT ANSWER •BENEFITS FAR OUTWEIGH RISKS!
•Cardiac Injury
•Musculoskeletal Injury
•Dehydration
FITNESS PROGRAM GUIDELINES - CORRECT ANSWER •FOCUSES ON:
•Flexibility Training
•Resistance Training
•Aerobic conditioning
•Intensity, Duration, Frequency, Mode
•RECOMMENDATIONS:
•2.5 hours/week+
•3-5 days/week
FACTORS AFFECTING MOBILITY & ACTIVITY - CORRECT ANSWER DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE
-Healthy People 2020 Goals
-older adult should stay active
NUTRITION
-unhealthy eating patterns
-obesity
-neg nitrogen balance
LIFESTYLE
-sedentary work environments
STRESS
-fatigue
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
-Weather, Pollution, Neighborhood Conditions, Finances
DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES
-congenital abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system
-diseases related to bone formation or metabolism:
>brittle bone disease
>dwarfism
>paget's disease
-diseases affecting joint mobility:
>osteoarthritis
>rheumatoid arthritis
•PROBLEMS AFFECTING BONE INTEGRITY - CORRECT ANSWER -Osteoporosis
-Osteomyelitis
-Trauma (Fracture)
•DISORDERS OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - CORRECT ANSWER -Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)
-Head/Spinal Cord Injury
-Multiple Sclerosis
•DISEASES OF OTHER BODY SYSTEMS - CORRECT ANSWER -Respiratory Disorders
-Circulatory Disorders
-Fatigue
NURSING CARE FOR SPRAINS AND STRAINS: RICE - CORRECT ANSWER R- rest
I- ice
C- compression
E- elevation
HAZARDS OF IMMOBILITY ON BODY (ati book) - CORRECT ANSWER -ON MUSCLES AND BONES
>7-10% of muscle loss a week when immobil
-ON LUNGS
>Atelectasis: Complete or partial collapse of a lung
-ON HEART AND VESSELS
>DVT(deep vein thrombosis= blood clot in back of calf
>if dislodges causes PE=pulmonary embolism)
-ON INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
>pressure ulcers
-ON GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
>parastalsis slows down
-ON GENITOURINARY SYSTEM
>uti
>infection
-PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS
INTERVENTIONS for immobility - CORRECT ANSWER >POSITIONING
>DIET
>DANGLING
>TURN EVERY 2 HOURS
>ANTIEMBOLIC STOCKINGS
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF IMMOBILITY: AWFUL - CORRECT ANSWER A- Atelectasis
W- Wasting of the bones
F- Function loss
U- Urinary stasis
L- Last but not least, constipation
ADPIE- Nursing Process - CORRECT ANSWER A- assess
D- diagnose
P- plan
I- implement
E- evaluate
LOOK OVER POWERPOINT 3 - CORRECT ANSWER
ASSESSMENT: ACTIVITY & EXERCISE: (A OF ADPIE) - CORRECT ANSWER •FOCUSED NURSING HISTORY:
•Usual Activity
•Fitness Goals
•Mobility Problems
•Underlying Health Problems
•Lifestyle
•External Factors
•Patients With Very Limited Activity:
•Ability to perform ADLs
•(Hygiene, Feeding, Toileting, Transfer OOB)
•FOCUSED PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT:
•VS
•Height/Weight
•Body Mass Index (BMI)
•Body Alignment
•Joint Function
•Gait*
•Muscle Strength
•Activity Tolerance
•BEFORE YOU BEGIN, MUST BE AWARE OF:
•Mobility Status
•Any Restrictions In Movement
•Pain
•Observe for pain, inflammation, and mobility limitations in all areas
*THE FUNCTIONAL INDEPENDENCE MEASURE
(FIM SCALE)*
GAIT: - CORRECT ANSWER •ANTALGIC (limp to avoid pain)
•PROPULSIVE (stooped over, small steps)
•SCISSORS (legs are flexed at hips and knees slightly, knees and toes are pointed inwards during walking)
•SPASTIC (dragging feet, stiff)
•STEPPAGE (exaggerated motion)
•WADDLING (rolling hips, bending to one side while walking)
DIAGNOSIS: ACTIVITY & EXERCISE: (D OF ADPIE) - CORRECT ANSWER •ACTIVITY INTOLERANCE
•IMPAIRED PHYSICAL MOBILITY
•FOR SPECIFIC DEFICITS:
•Impaired Bed Mobility
•Impaired Walking
•Impaired Wheelchair Mobility
•Impaired Transfer Ability
•SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE
PLANNING OUTCOMES: ACTIVITY & EXERCISE(P OF ADPIE) - CORRECT ANSWER •Depend on the nursing diagnosis used
•INDIVIDUALIZED
•Must Consider:
•Patient's Current Condition
•Expected Condition Changes
•Lifestyle
•Values
•EXAMPLES:
•Will independently transfer to the wheelchair by [date].
•Will discuss his feelings about his activity restrictions by [date].
INTERVENTIONS/IMPLEMENTATION: ACTIVITY & EXERCISE
(I OF ADPIE) - CORRECT ANSWER PROMOTING EXERCISE:
•EDUCATION
•PERSONALIZE
•VARIETY
•MOTIVATION
•SET PERSONAL GOALS
•ENCOURAGEMENT
•DISCUSS BARRIERS
PREVENTING INJURY FROM EXERCISE:
•BENEFITS OF EXERCISE OUTWEIGH THE RISKS!
POSITIONING PATIENTS: - CORRECT ANSWER •Every 2 hours
POSITIONING DEVICES:
•ADJUSTABLE BEDS
•PILLOWS
•SIDE RAILS
•TRAPEZE BAR
•FOOTBOARD
•TROCHANTER ROLLS
•HAND ROLLS
•HIP ABDUCTION PILLOWS
•BOOTS
•FOOT CRADLES
•MOVING PATIENTS IN BED - CORRECT ANSWER •UP IN BED
•TURNING IN BED
•LOGROLLING
•FRICTION-REDUCING DEVICES
•TRANSFERRING PATIENTS OUT OF BED (OOB) - CORRECT ANSWER •STRETCHER
•TRANSFER BOARD
•MECHANICAL LIFT
•PERFORMING RANGE OF MOTION (ROM) EXERCISES - CORRECT ANSWER -improves joint mobility
-increases circulation
-mantains function
-Active ROM (AROM)
-Passive ROM (PROM)
>Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) Device
•ASSISTING WITH AMBULATION - CORRECT ANSWER •Physical Conditioning
•Quadriceps And Gluteal Drills
•Arm Exercises
•DANGLING
•ASSISTING THE PATIENT TO WALK - CORRECT ANSWER •Appropriate equipment
•Falls risk factors
•Plan for periods of rest
•IF THE PATIENT BEGINS TO FALL: - CORRECT ANSWER •Do not attempt to hold him up by yourself!
•Guide him to a seated or lying position.
•Create a wide base of support
•Project forward the hip closest to the patient
•Help the patient slide down your leg as you call for help
•Protect the patient's head as the body descends.
•MECHANICAL AIDS FOR WALKING - CORRECT ANSWER •CANES
•WALKERS
•BRACES
•CRUTCHES
hygiene - CORRECT ANSWER activities involved in personal grooming and cleanliness
activities of daily living (ADL's) - CORRECT ANSWER promote comfort, improve self image, decrease infections and disease
Bathing
Showering
Combing hair
Brushing teeth
Dressing
NURSING ROLE in hygiene for patient - CORRECT ANSWER Assess SELF-CARE ABILITIES
Independent?
Maximum assistance?
Provide ASSISTANCE with ADLs
PROMOTE SELF-CARE IN ADLs
DELEGATE Appropriate Parts of Hygiene Care
before doing anything with patient.. - CORRECT ANSWER assess mobility and independence
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE
HYGIENE PRACTICES - CORRECT ANSWER PERSONAL PREFERENCES
-normal routine?
CULTURE AND RELIGION OR SPIRITUALITY
-daily, weekly, opposite sex?
ECONOMIC STATUS OR LIVING ENVIRONMENT
-inadequate facilities, lack of money, access to running water?
-must focus on meeting basic need before hygiene
DEVELOPMENTAL LEVEL
-infants and young children
-older children
-older adults
KNOWLEDGE AND COGNITIVE LEVELS
-making appropriate decisions
-patient teaching*
Self care: ADPIE:
ASSESSMENT: SELF-CARE
(A of ADPIE) - CORRECT ANSWER assessment of patients status...
Assess your patient's functional status REGULARLY
>Identify need to MODIFY
Focus on the patient's ABILITY to perform hygiene measures
>Need for assistance?
Assess INDEPENDENCE in ADLs
>willingness, motivation, ability?
>Katz Index of Independence in ADLs
______________________________________
Obtain a HEALTH HISTORY
>Underlying illness, injury, disease?
>Cognitive impairments?
COGNITIVE ABILITY AND PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING
>Overall grooming and cleanliness
>Level of consciousness (LOC)
>Short and long-term memory
>Ability to follow instructions
>Range of motion (ROM)
>Level of knowledge
>Energy level
SENSORY DISTURBANCES
>hearing, feeling
MOBILITY
>IV lines, tubes, need for assistive devices?
PAIN
Katz Index of Independence in activities of daily living - CORRECT ANSWER higher the points more independence
Self care: ADPIE:
DIAGNOSIS: SELF-CARE
(D of ADPIE) - CORRECT ANSWER NANDA SELF-CARE DEFICIT DIAGNOSES Related To Hygiene:
-Bathing
-Dressing
-Toileting
-Feeding
Common Etiologies (RELATED TO):
-Fatigue
-Environmental barriers
-Pain
See DAVIS PLUS for MORE!
Classify the PATIENT'S FUNCTIONAL LEVEL
-Recall Box 24-1: Level 1, 2, 3, 4
-Use Descriptive Terms: Mild, Moderate, Severe, Total
EX: toileting self-care deficit (severe) related to inability to walk to the bathroom
Self care: ADPIE:
PLANNING OUTCOMES: (P of ADPIE) - CORRECT ANSWER sets goals...
Individualized Goals/Outcome Statements
-specific
-measures
-attainable
-relevant
-time bound
EXAMPLE:
FOR SELF-CARE DEFICITS:
>By October 4, will complete bath independently, except for back and feet, after nurse provides equipment and assists patient to the bathroom
Self care: ADPIE:
INTERVENTIONS/IMPLEMENTATION:
(I of ADPIE) - CORRECT ANSWER helps to achieve the goal/s made..
Even when a patient needs assistance with hygiene measures, the overall goal is to promote eventual self-care.
Individualized interventions DEPEND ON:
>Extent of Self-Care Deficit
>Etiology of problem
EXAMPLES:
>Demonstrate the use of assistive devices
>Use Velcro fasteners instead of buttons and zippers
>Allow sufficient time for all ADLs to prevent fatigue and frustration
>Offer pain medication before ADLs
Self care: ADPIE:
EVALUATION:
(E of ADPIE) - CORRECT ANSWER You will use the OUTCOMES developed in the planning outcomes phase as criteria for evaluating patient responses to self-care interventions.
TYPES OF SCHEDULED HYGIENE CARE - CORRECT ANSWER Hourly Rounding
> improves patient safety
> greatly reduces call light use
Early Morning Care
>on awakening
A.M. (Morning) Care
>depending on patients self care ability, assist with ADLs
P.M. (Afternoon) Care
> preparing patient to receive visitors
H.S. (Hour of Sleep) Care
>same as afternoon care, but prior to sleep
>back massage
>readying environment to facilitate sleep
DELEGATING HYGIENE CARE - CORRECT ANSWER Assess Prior To Delegating
Before Assigning A NAP To Assist With ADL's Give Instructions Regarding:
-Client's limitations and restrictions
-Amount of assistance needed
-Use of assistive devices
-Presence and care of tubes
-Observations to make during hygiene care:
>skin condition
>lesions
>areas of special concern over bony prominences/under skin folds
>presence, appearance, amount of urine or stool
Assisting with or supervising care is an EXCELLENT opportunity for you to assess patients
-LOC
-short and long term memory
-ability to follow instructions
-ROM
REVIEW ANATOMY OF SKIN
Integumentary system
Skin
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous layer directly under skin
Hair
Nails
Sweat and sebaceous glands
REVIEW PHYSIOLOGY OF SKIN
Five Main Functions
1. Protection
2.Sensation
3. Regulation
4. Secretion/Excretion
5. Vitamin D Formation - CORRECT ANSWER
FACTORS AFFECTING THE SKIN - CORRECT ANSWER Dampness
-maceration of skin
Dehydration
-dry, cracks
Nutritional Status
physically difficult to reach, fungal conditions
Insufficient Circulation
-immobility, vascular disease, inadequate nutritional statues
-do not receive enough oxygen
Skin Diseases
Jaundice
-discoloration, itchy, dry
Lifestyle And Personal Choices
-Exposure To Uv Rays
-Tattoos Or Piercings
Developmental Stage
-infants(fragile, easily injured)
-adolescents(subcutaneous pore enlarge)
-older adults(thinner skin)
SKIN
ASSESSMENT: (A OF ADPIE) - CORRECT ANSWER Bath provides an EXCELLENT opportunity to ASSESS THE SKIN
Changes in Skin COLOR:
Pallor(pale)
Erythema(red)
Jaundice(yellow)
Cyanosis(blue)
Common Skin PROBLEMS:
Pruritis (Itching)
Maceration(break down)
Excoriation(pick skin to make sores)
Abrasion(wearing away)
Pressure ulcers(sores)
Protect privacy
Temperature
SKIN
DIAGNOSIS: (D OF ADPIE) - CORRECT ANSWER Risk For Impaired Skin Integrity
-They don't HAVE IT YET, but Risk Factors PRESENT
-remember factors that affect skin
Impaired Skin Integrity
-defining characteristics
As The Etiology (RELATED TO)
-Other Nursing Diagnoses
-Risk For Infection
-Pain
SKIN
PLANNING OUTCOMES:
(P OF ADPIE) - CORRECT ANSWER Individualized Goals/Outcome Statements
EXAMPLE
FOR SKIN PROBLEMS:
-Skin will remain intact and free of secretions
-Skin will remain free of lesions
-The patient will follow a regimen to improve skin dryness
(Be sure to complete these to make a SMART goal.)
SKIN
INTERVENTIONS/IMPLEMENTATION:
(I of ADPIE) - CORRECT ANSWER BATHING
Relaxation
Removes perspiration and bacteria
Prevent body odor
Increase circulation
Stimulates depth of respirations
Provides sensory input
Strengthen nurse-patient relationship
Improve self image
BACK MASSAGE
When possible, at end of bath
Provide relaxation
Stimulate circulation
Be sure there are no contraindications to massage!!
SKIN
EVALUATION: (E of ADPIE) - CORRECT ANSWER You will use the outcomes developed in the planning outcomes phase as criteria for evaluating patient responses to skin interventions.
types of baths - CORRECT ANSWER ASSIST BATH
-nurse assists in hard to reach
PARTIAL BATH
-only in necessary areas(oder)
BED BATH
-Complete
-Partial
-Help Bath
TOWEL BATH
-less time
BAG BATH
PACKAGED BATH
-commercially prepared
SHOWER
TUB BATH
THERAPEUTIC BATH
-provider prescribed
PERINEAL CARE
-helps with comfort, oder, infection
ASSISTING WITH SHOWER OR TUB BATH - CORRECT ANSWER -Non-skid Surface
-Shower Chair; Grab Bars and Handrails
-Water Temperature
110 - 115oF (43-46oC)
-Emergency Call Device
-DO NOT Lock The Bathroom Door
BATHING PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA - CORRECT ANSWER Tend to become AGITATED
-Pain, cold, fear, loss of control
Significantly REDUCE aggressive behaviors
-Towel bath
-Bag bath
KEEP IN MIND:
-Same time every day?
-Resisting?
-Patients who are forced to bathe do not "just forget about it."
SKIN
-MORBIDLY OBESE PATIENTS
-OLDER ADULTS - CORRECT ANSWER MORBIDLY OBESE PATIENTS
-Skin assessment
-Assistance
-skin folds
OLDER ADULTS
-Prevent skin breakdown
-Promote comfort
-bag baths(avoid using soap)
-Independence
-Cleaning skin immediately after soiling
-Apply skin moisturizer
FOOT CARE - CORRECT ANSWER DEVELOPMENTAL VARIATIONS
Normal aging
Arteriosclerosis
Peripheral vascular insufficiency
Diabetes
COMMON FOOT PROBLEMS
Corn
Calluses
Tinea pedis (Athlete's Foot)
Ingrown Toenail
Foot Odor
Plantar Warts
Pressure Ulcers
Bunion
ADPIE: FEET - CORRECT ANSWER ASSESSMENT
-Color; Temperature
NURSING DIAGNOSES
-Impaired skin integrity (feet)
-Risk for impaired skin integrity (feet)
PLANNING OUTCOMES
-Demonstrates proper cleansing, rinsing, and drying of feet
-Avoids trimming calluses
-Wears shoes that fit properly
-Inspects feet regularly
INTERVENTIONS/IMPLEMENTATION
-Education about self-care
-Diabetic foot care
EVALUATION
-Outcomes
ADPIE: NAILS - CORRECT ANSWER ASSESSMENT
-Subjective
-Objective
NURSING DIAGNOSES
-Risk For Impaired Tissue Integrity
-Risk For Infection
PLANNING OUTCOMES
-Demonstrates Proper Care Of The Nails
-Trims Fingernails With Supervision
-Seek Care Of A Podiatrist
INTERVENTIONS/IMPLEMENTATION
-Teaching Nail Self-care
-Provide Nail Care For Dependent Patients
EVALUATION
-Outcomes
ORAL HYGIENE - CORRECT ANSWER DAILY MOUTH CARE
-removes food
DEVELOPMENTAL VARIATIONS
-teeth wear away
-gums recede
-dentures
RISK FACTORS
-history of periodontal disease(A serious gum infection that damages gums and can destroy the jawbone.)
-bad eating habits
COMMON MOUTH PROBLEMS
-Halitosis
-Dental Caries(Plaque, Tartar)
-Gingivitis
-Periodontal Disease (Pyorrhea)
-Stomatitis
-Glossitis
-Cheilosis
ADPIE: MOUTH - CORRECT ANSWER ASSESSMENT
-Subjective
-Objective
-Kayser-Jones Brief Oral Health Status Examination (BOHSE)
NURSING DIAGNOSES
-Risk for infection
-Impaired dentition
-Imbalanced nutrition
PLANNING OUTCOMES
-Oral mucous membranes will remain pink, moist, intact
-Demonstrates correct technique for brushing and flossing
-Makes preventive dental visits every 6 months
INTERVENTIONS/IMPLEMENTATION
-Denture Care
EVALUATION
-Outcomes
KAYSER-JONES BRIEF ORAL HEALTH STATUS EXAMINATION (BOHSE)* - CORRECT ANSWER
denture care - CORRECT ANSWER -clean at least once a day
-remove to clean
-no hot water
-do not soak if there is metal pieces
-store in denture cup, in water, so they dont dry out
-clean over plastic pan or towel in sink(will break if dropped)
ORAL CARE FOR SPECIFIC POPULATIONS - CORRECT ANSWER CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS
-Healthcare-associated pneumonia
Simple Ways to Reduce Risk:
-brush teeth twice a day
-use soft toothbrush
-moisturize mouth and lips
UNCONSCIOUS PATIENTS
-Breathe through mouth
-Nasal Cannula or Nasogastric (NG) or Feeding Tube
-respond to oral stimulation by biting down
-Every 1-2 hours
DEMENTIA
-Challenge
-Staff sometimes neglect care
CARE OF THE HAIR - CORRECT ANSWER Vellus Hair(short,thin)
Terminal Hair(long, thick)
Sebaceous Glands
Body Temperature
Tactile Sensation
Self-Image
COMMON PROBLEMS
Dandruff
Pediculosis(lice)
Alopecia (Hair Loss)
ADPIE: HAIR - CORRECT ANSWER ASSESSMENT
-Subjective
-Objective
NURSING DIAGNOSES
-Risk for impaired skin integrity
-Situational low self-esteem
PLANNING OUTCOMES
-Hair and scalp are free from infestation, infection, irritation, or dryness.
INTERVENTIONS/IMPLEMENTATION
-Daily brushing and combing of the hair, shampooing, and shaving and beard care.
EVALUATION
-Outcomes
HAIR CARE - CORRECT ANSWER Remove Tangles
Massage Scalp
Stimulate Circulation
Use A Stiff-Bristled Brush
Encourage Patient INDEPENDENCE With Hair Care
SHAMPOOING
AFRICAN AMERICANS
BEARD & MUSTACHE CARE
SHAVING
CARE OF THE EYES - CORRECT ANSWER -Eyelids And Lashes
-Tears
-How to Cleanse Eyes?
-From Inner To Outer Canthus
-If There Is DRAINAGE OR CRUSTING?
EYE CARE FOR THE UNCONSCIOUS CLIENT
-Lost Blink (Corneal) Reflex
-Lubrication (Picture)
-Protective Eye Shield
ADPIE: EYES - CORRECT ANSWER ASSESSMENT
-Subjective
-Objective
NURSING DIAGNOSES
-Risk for Infection
-Risk for Injury
PLANNING OUTCOMES
-Demonstrates Proper -Cleaning And Storage Of Contact Lenses
-Eyes Appear Clean And Without Redness Or Drainage
INTERVENTIONS/IMPLEMENTATION
-Provide Eye Care to Unconscious Clients
-Care for Eyeglasses and Contact Lenses
-Care for Artificial Eyes
EVALUATION
-Outcomes
CARING FOR EYEGLASSES, CONTACT LENSES, ARTIFICIAL EYES - CORRECT ANSWER EYEGLASSES
-clean at least once a day
-arm water and soft cloth
CONTACT LENSES
-never use finger to remove
ARTIFICIAL EYES
-glass or plastic
-some are permanent
CARE OF THE EARS - CORRECT ANSWER Minimal Care
-Do NOT Use Rigid Objects To Clean Ears
-NEVER Use Cotton Tipped Applicators
-Excessive Wax Buildup?
ASSESS
-Drainage, Excess Cerumen, Hearing Loss
CARE OF HEARING AIDS
-regular cleaning, never put in water
CARE OF THE NOSE - CORRECT ANSWER Requires No Special Care
DEBILITATED OR UNCONSCIOUS PATIENTS
If NASOGASTRIC (NG) TUBE
-can cause break down
ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
(A OF ADPIE) - CORRECT ANSWER TO ENSURE PATIENT SAFETY AND COMFORT:
-Room temperature comfortable?
-Are side-rails up, when indicated?
-Is the bed in low position? Wheels locked?
-Are bed linens clean and free of wrinkles?
-Is patient's call device within reach?
-Is the over-bed table clean and uncluttered?
-Is there uncluttered walking space?
-Are there unpleasant odors?
Each time you leave the room, ask, "What else can I do for you?"
INTERVENTIONS/IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENT
(I OF ADPIE) - CORRECT ANSWER -PROMOTING VENTILATION
-CONTROLLING ROOM TEMPERATURE
-LIMITING NOISE
POSITIONING OF HOSPITAL BEDS - CORRECT ANSWER PATIENT SAFETY!
-Low
-Lock
-Side-rails
BED MAKING
WHAT IS HEALTH? - CORRECT ANSWER WHO (World Health Organization)
- a state of complete physical, mental and social well being, not just absense of disease
Jean Watson
Betty Neuman
Myers, Sweeney, and Witmer
WHAT IS HEALTH PROMOTION? - CORRECT ANSWER -Process of equipping people to have control over, and to improve, physical, emotional, and social health
-Motivated by the DESIRE to increase well-being
-Related to individual lifestyle choices
How does this differ from HEALTH PROTECTION?
-Motivation
HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020 - CORRECT ANSWER -Promote health & prevent disease among national population
-Addresses the effect of lifestyle on health
-Created health improvement goals
-Eliminate health disparities
-Updated every 10 years
LEVELS OF PREVENTION - CORRECT ANSWER Primary Prevention
-prevent disease/slow down disease
-promotes health
ex: flu vaccine, sunscreen
Secondary Prevention
-focuses on finding the illness, early detection
Ex: breast exams
Tertiary Prevention
-have it but treating it
-after illness/injury arises
RISK FACTORS - CORRECT ANSWER Genetics
Gender
-women: higher autoimmune disorders
-men: higher suicide rate
Physiologic Factors
-body mass
Environmental Factors
-toxic substances in living area
Age
-screening guidelines
Lifestyle Behaviors
-drug/alc abuse
-obesity
-smoking
-stress
HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAMS - CORRECT ANSWER Disseminating Information
-Individual
-Group
-Community
Changing Lifestyle and Behavior
Protecting the Environment
Assessing Wellness and Appraising Health Risk
Program Settings
-Health facilities
-Work sites
-Schools
-Physician offices
-Health clinics
-Hospitals
-Community settings
HEALTH PROMOTION MODELS - CORRECT ANSWER Pender's Health Promotion Model
Wheels of Wellness
Transtheoretical Model of Change
-Contemplation
-Determination
-Action
-Maintenance
THE HEALTH PROMOTION PROCESS - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Review and summarize data from assessment
2. Reinforce the client's strength and abilities
3. Identify health goals and related behavioral change options
4. Identify behavioral or health outcomes that will indicate that the plan has been successful from the client's perspective
5. Develop a behavior change plan based on the client's preferences, on the stages of change, and on "state of the science" knowledge about effective interventions
6. Reiterate benefits of change, and identify incentives for change from the client's perspective
7. Address environmental and interpersonal facilitators and barriers to behavior change
8. Determine a time frame for implementation
9. Commit to behavior change goals, and structure the support needed to accomplish them
ASSESSMENT: HEALTH PROMOTION
(A of ADPIE) - CORRECT ANSWER Health history
-Family History
Physical exam
-Depth depends on History
Fitness Assessment
Lifestyle and Risk Appraisal
-Health Risk Appraisal (HRA)
Life Stress Review
Analysis of Health Beliefs
-Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC)
Nutritional Assessment
Screening Activities
DIAGNOSIS: HEALTH PROMOTION
(D of ADPIE) - CORRECT ANSWER Wellness Diagnoses
-promote wellness
PLANNING OUTCOMES: HEALTH PROMOTION
(P of ADPIE) - CORRECT ANSWER Individualized
Healthy People 2020:
-Attain high quality longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
-Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups
-Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
-Promote healthy development and healthy behaviors across every stage of life
Ex. "Over the next year, patient X will continue to eat a balanced diet, with more emphasis on including whole grains and fiber."
INTERVENTIONS/IMPLEMENTATION: HEALTH PROMOTION
(I of ADPIE) - CORRECT ANSWER Nutrition
Dietary Guidelines for Americans
Food Guide
MyPlate for Kids
Exercise
Lifestyle Changes
Sleep!
Refer clients to educational/community/support resources.
Help clients recognize benefits and overcome barriers.
Advocate for changes in the community.
Identify clients' readiness to receive and apply health information.
Identify acceptable interventions.
Help motivate change by setting realistic timelines.
Encourage clients to maintain the change.
Use stress management strategies.
Get adequate sleep and rest.
Eat a nutritious diet to achieve and maintain a healthy weight.
Participate in regular physical activity most days.
Wear safety gear when participating in physical activity.
Avoid tobacco products, alcohol, and illegal drugs.
Practice safe sex.
Seek medical care when necessary, get routine screenings, and perform recommended self examinations.
STRATEGIES TO ENCOURAGE HEALTH PROMOTION NURSING INTERVENTIONS - CORRECT ANSWER -Role Modeling
-Provide Counseling
>Individual Vs. Telephone
-Providing Health Education
-Providing and Facilitating Support for Lifestyle Change
>Group Support [Show Less]