NURSE-UN70 Chemical Basis of Life Test Bank Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 9th Edition
Chapter 03: Chemical Basis of Life Test Bank
MULTIPLE
... [Show More] CHOICE
1. Which of the following represents a trace element in the body?
a. Sulfur
b. Chlorine
c. Iron
d. Phosphorus ANS: C
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Basic Chemistry
2. The kind of element is determined by the number of:
a. protons.
b. neutrons.
c. mesotrons.
d. electrons.
ANS: A
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Atomic Number and Mass Number
3. Atomic weight is determined by the number of:
a. protons and electrons.
b. neutrons and electrons.
c. neutrons, protons, and electrons.
d. protons and neutrons.
ANS: D
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Atomic Number and Mass Number
4. Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is:
a. two.
b. four.
c. six.
d. eight.
ANS: A
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Energy Levels
5. The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell?
a. Two
b. Three
c. Four
d. Five ANS: C
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Energy Levels
6. A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n):
a. orbital.
b. proton.
c. neutron.
d. electron.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Atomic Structure
7. When atoms combine, they may gain, lose, or share:
a. electrons.
b. protons.
c. neutrons.
d. nuclei.
ANS: A
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Attraction Between Atoms
8. An ionic bond is formed by:
a. two or more positive ions combining.
b. two or more negative ions combining.
c. a positive and a negative ion attracting each other.
d. sharing of a pair of electrons.
ANS: C
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Ionic Bonds
9. An example of an element would be:
a. Ne.
b. CO2.
c. C6H12O6.
d. H2O. ANS: A
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Elements and Compounds
10. An isotope of an element contains different numbers of from other atoms of the same element.
a. electrons
b. protons
c. neutrons
d. both protons and neutrons ANS: C
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Isotopes
11. Which of the following elements is least likely to combine with another element?
a. Hydrogen
b. Helium
c. Oxygen
d. Carbon ANS: B
DIF: Synthesis REF:
TOP: Attraction Between Atoms—Chemical Bonds
12. The hydrogen isotope tritium consists of:
a. one proton.
b. one proton and one neutron.
c. two protons and one neutron.
d. one proton and two neutrons.
ANS: D
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Isotopes
13. Which of the following bonds are the weakest?
a. Ionic
b. Hydrogen
c. Electrovalent
d. Covalent ANS: B
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Hydrogen Bonds
14. The type of reaction in which substances are combined to form more complex substances is called a(n) reaction.
a. reversible
b. exchange
c. synthesis
d. decomposition ANS: C
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Chemical Reactions
15. The process of the digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction?
a. Synthesis
b. Decomposition
c. Exchange
d. Reversible ANS: B
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Chemical Reactions
16. Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called:
a. acids.
b. bases.
c. buffers.
d. salts.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Bases
17. Acids:
a. are proton donors.
b. taste sour.
c. release hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution.
d. All of the above are true of acids.
ANS: D
DIF: Synthesis REF:
TOP: Acids
18. A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) than hydrogen ions (H+) is a(n) solution.
a. acidic
b. alkaline (basic)
c. neutral
d. Not enough information is given to determine the character of the solution.
ANS: B
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Bases
19. In the presence of a base, red litmus paper will:
a. stay red.
b. turn blue.
c. turn green.
d. turn yellow.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Acids and Bases
20. The most abundant and important compound(s) in the body is(are):
a. air.
b. water.
c. proteins.
d. nucleic acids.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Water
21. Approximately what percentage of body weight is water? a. 40%
b. 50%
c. 60%
d. 70% ANS: D
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Water
22. AB + CD AD + CB is an example of a(n) reaction.
a. synthesis
b. exchange
c. decomposition
d. reversible ANS: B
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Chemical Reactions
23. Which of the following represents properties of water?
a. High specific heat
b. High heat of vaporization
c. Strong polarity
d. All of the above ANS: D
DIF: Synthesis REF:
TOP: Properties of Water
24. The approximate pH of gastric fluid is: a. 10.
b. 8.
c. 4.
d. 2.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: The pH Scale
25. Which of the following is not one of the major groups of organic substances in the human body?
a. Proteins
b. Salts
c. Lipids
d. Nucleic acids ANS: B
DIF: Synthesis REF:
TOP: Organic Molecules
26. All of the following substances are organic except:
a. lipids.
b. electrolytes.
c. carbohydrates.
d. proteins.
ANS: B
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Organic Molecules
27. The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called:
a. hydrolysis.
b. oxidation.
c. decomposition.
d. dehydration synthesis.
ANS: D
DIF: Synthesis REF:
TOP: Anabolism
28. The study of metabolism includes examination of:
a. catabolism.
b. anabolism.
c. ATP requirements.
d. all of the above.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Metabolism
29. An example of a catabolic process is:
a. hydrolysis.
b. dehydration synthesis.
c. formation of a peptide bond.
d. both B and C. ANS: A
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Metabolism
30. Which of the following is not one of the major elements present in the human body?
a. Oxygen
b. Zinc
c. Carbon
d. Potassium ANS: B
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Basic Chemistry
31. Which of the following is not a subatomic particle?
a. Proton
b. Electron
c. Radon
d. Neutron ANS: C
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Atomic Structure
32. The total number of electrons in a neutral atom equals the number of:
a. neutrons orbiting the atom.
b. protons plus the number of neutrons in its nucleus.
c. protons in its nucleus.
d. ions in its nucleus.
ANS: C
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Energy Levels
33. An atom can be described as chemically inert if its outermost electron shell contains electrons.
a. eight
b. nine
c. two
d. Both A and C are correct.
ANS: A
DIF: Synthesis REF:
TOP: Energy Levels
34. Ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the:
a. sharing of electrons between molecules.
b. donation of protons from one atom to another.
c. transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
d. acceptance of neutrons from one atom by another.
ANS: C
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Ionic Bonds
35. Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons are called:
a. ionic.
b. covalent.
c. hydrogen.
d. isotopic.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Covalent Bonds
36. The type of chemical reaction most likely to require energy is a(n)
reaction.
a. synthesis
b. decomposition
c. exchange
d. All of the above reactions are equally likely to require energy.
ANS: A
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Chemical Reactions
37. The elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up which percentage of the human body?
a. 50%
b. 69%
c. 78%
d. 96% ANS: D
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Elements and Compounds
38. Which subatomic particles carry a charge?
a. Protons and neutrons
b. Neutrons and electrons
c. Protons and electrons
d. Neutrons only ANS: C
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Atomic Structure
39. The element oxygen has an atomic number of 8, which means it contains:
a. four protons and four neutrons.
b. eight protons.
c. eight neutrons.
d. four protons and four electrons.
ANS: B
DIF: Synthesis REF:
TOP: Atomic Number and Mass Number
40. For sodium to transform from a neutral atom to a positive ion, it must:
a. gain an electron.
b. gain a proton.
c. lose an electron.
d. lose a proton.
ANS: C
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Ionic Bonds
41. A molecule that is polar:
a. can form a hydrogen bond.
b. must be ionic.
c. has an unequal charge.
d. is both A and C. ANS: D
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Hydrogen Bonds
42. The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen needed to form water is an example of a:
a. hydrogen bond.
b. synthesis reaction.
c. decomposition reaction.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: B
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Chemical Reactions
43. Electrolytes are:
a. organic compounds.
b. called cations if they have a negative charge.
c. called cations if they have a positive charge.
d. both A and B. ANS: C
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Electrolytes
44. A weak acid:
a. dissociates very little in solution.
b. dissociates almost completely in solution.
c. will cause the pH of the solution to rise above 7.
d. does both B and C. ANS: A
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Acids and Bases
45. Salts:
a. can form as the result of a chemical reaction between acids and bases.
b. are electrolytes.
c. will form crystals if the water is removed.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: D
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Salts
46. Hydrolysis a water molecule.
a. joins compounds by removing
b. breaks down compounds by removing
c. joins compounds by adding
d. breaks down compounds by adding ANS: C
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Catabolism
47. As the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) increases, the:
a. solution becomes more basic.
b. solution becomes more acidic.
c. pH rises.
d. Both A and C are correct.
ANS: B
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Acids and Bases
48. As the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) increases, the:
a. solution becomes more basic.
b. solution becomes more acidic.
c. pH rises.
d. Both A and C are correct.
ANS: D
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Acids and Bases
49. A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge. This atom would contain protons, neutrons, and
electrons.
a. 12; 25; 2
b. 12; 13; 14
c. 12; 13; 10
d. Not enough information is given to answer the question.
ANS: C
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Atomic Structure
50. The octet rule refers to the:
a. stability of the nucleus when the protons are in a multiple of eight.
b. stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level.
c. stable configuration of the nucleus when there are eight more neutrons than protons.
d. principle that one atom can combine with a maximum of eight other atoms.
ANS: B
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Energy Levels
51. The type of reaction most likely to release energy is a(n) reaction.
a. synthesis
b. decomposition
c. exchange
d. All of the above reactions are equally likely to release energy.
ANS: B
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Chemical Reactions
52. Which of the following is not true of all isotopes of oxygen?
a. They can all react with two hydrogen atoms to form water.
b. They have the same number of protons.
c. They have the same atomic mass.
d. All of the above are true of isotopes of oxygen.
ANS: C
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Isotopes
53. Hydrogen can form only when the hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to:
a. an oxygen atom.
b. a nitrogen atom.
c. a fluorine.
d. any of the above.
ANS: D
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Hydrogen Bonds
54. A strong acid:
a. holds on strongly to its hydrogen atoms, releasing very few in solution.
b. would cause a drop in the pH of a solution.
c. would cause a rise in the pH of a solution.
d. is both A and C. ANS: B
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Acids
55. If the pH of a person’s blood is 7.4, it would be described as:
a. strongly acidic.
b. neutral.
c. slightly acidic.
d. slightly alkaline.
ANS: D
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Bases
56. When sodium (Na) gives up an electron to chlorine, the result is the formation of a sodium ion (Na+) with a positive charge. This happens because there is then one more than .
a. proton; electron
b. electron; proton
c. proton; neutron
d. electron; neutron ANS: A
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Ionic Bonds
57. If an atom with a total of nine electrons were to ionically bond with an atom with a total of three electrons, what would occur?
a. The atom with nine electrons would share one of its electrons with the other atom.
b. The atom with nine electrons would lose one of its electrons, and the atom with three electrons would accept it.
c. The atom with nine electrons would accept one of the electrons from the atom with three electrons.
d. The atom with three electrons would share one of its electrons with the other atom.
ANS: C
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Ionic Bonds
58. The carbon-containing molecules formed by living things are often called:
a. buffers.
b. inorganic molecules.
c. organic molecules.
d. salts.
ANS: C
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Organic and Inorganic Compounds
59. The term that is used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur in body cells is:
a. catabolism.
b. metabolism.
c. synthesis.
d. anabolism.
ANS: B
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Metabolism
60. When your body is building larger and more complex chemical molecules from smaller subunits, what is occurring?
a. Anabolic reactions that expend energy
b. Anabolic reactions that require energy
c. Catabolic reactions that expend energy
d. Catabolic reactions that require energy ANS: B
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Metabolism
61. Which type of radiation consists of an electron that is released by the nucleus of an atom?
a. Alpha
b. Beta
c. Delta
d. Gamma ANS: B
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Radioactivity
62. Which type of radiation consists of electromagnetic radiation, a form of light energy?
a. Alpha
b. Beta
c. Delta
d. Gamma ANS: D
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Radioactivity
63. Which type of radiation consists of two protons and two neutrons?
a. Alpha
b. Beta
c. Delta
d. Gamma ANS: A
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Radioactivity
64. A + B AB is an example of a(n) reaction.
a. decomposition
b. reversible
c. exchange
d. Both A and B are correct.
ANS: B
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Chemical Reactions
65. The octet rule refers to the:
a. stability of the nucleus when the protons are in a multiple of eight.
b. stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level.
c. stable configuration of the nucleus when there are eight more neutrons
than protons.
d. principle that one atom can combine with a maximum of eight other atoms.
ANS: B
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Energy Levels
TRUE/FALSE
1. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom determines its atomic mass.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
2. The positively charged electrons are found in clouds outside the nucleus of an atom.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Atomic Structure
3. Two shared pairs of electrons represent a single covalent bond.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Covalent Bonds
4. The digestion of food is an example of a decomposition reaction.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Chemical Reactions
5. The number and arrangement of electrons orbiting in an atom’s outer shell determine its chemical activity.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Energy Levels
6. An atom is chemically inert if its outermost shell has two pairs of electrons.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Energy Levels
7. An isotope of an element contains the same number of neutrons but different numbers of protons.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Isotopes
8. Electrovalent and ionic bonds are the same.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Ionic Bonds
9. Radiation results from the breaking apart of the nucleus of an atom.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Radioactivity
10. Radioactivity can cause an atom of one element to change to that of another element.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Radioactivity
11. Gamma radiation has less mass than alpha or beta radiation.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Radioactivity
12. A substance that resists changes in pH when acids or bases are added is called a buffer.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Buffers
13. The chemical reaction of an acid with a base will produce a salt and water.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Salts
14. Water acts as a very effective solvent.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Water
15. Electrolytes include acids, bases, and salts.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Electrolytes
16. By definition, inorganic compounds do not contain carbon.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Organic and Inorganic Compounds
17. Electrolytes are characterized by having either a positive or a negative charge.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Electrolytes
18. Acids are electrolytes that produce OH+ ions.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Acids
19. pH is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: The pH Scale
20. Metabolism includes the processes of both anabolism and catabolism.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Metabolism
21. ATP is broken down in an anabolic reaction.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Catabolism
22. Catabolism and anabolism are major types of metabolic activity.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Metabolism
23. Sodium chloride is an example of an ionic bond.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Ionic Bonds
24. The digestion of food is an example of a synthesis reaction.
ANS: F
DIF: Synthesis REF:
TOP: Chemical Reactions
25. The pH scale indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Acids and Bases
26. Litmus paper will turn red in the presence of a base.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Acids and Bases
27. The atomic mass of an atom is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
28. The mass of a proton is almost exactly equal to the mass of an electron.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
29. Hydrogen will react with other atoms to get eight electrons in its outer energy level.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Energy Levels
30. A double covalent bond involves the sharing of two electrons.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Covalent Bonds
31. Synthesis reactions release energy for use by the cell.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Chemical Reactions
32. Electrolytes dissociate to form ions.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Electrolytes
33. As the hydrogen ion concentration increases, the pH value increases.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Acids and Bases
34. Chemistry can be defined as the science that deals with the structure, arrangement, and composition of substances and the reactions they undergo.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Introduction
35. The nucleus of the atom will always have a positive charge.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Atomic Structure
36. If an atom has an atomic number of 12 and an atomic mass of 25, it must have 13 neutrons.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
37. Consider an atom that has an atomic mass of 18. For it to be electrically neutral, it must have 18 electrons.
ANS: F
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Atomic Structure, Atomic Number, and Atomic Mass
38. Atoms become positively charged by gaining protons.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Ionic Bonds
39. Inorganic compounds do not play an important role in living systems.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Organic and Inorganic Compounds
40. Acids release protons in solution.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Acids
41. The “aliveness” of a living organism depends on the mixture of elements of which it is made.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Elements and Compounds
42. Four elements are considered to be the major elements in the body.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Elements and Compounds
43. Dalton named the atom after the Greek word for invisible.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Atoms
44. A neutral atom that has 22 protons must have 22 electrons.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Atoms
45. A neutral atom that has 22 protons must have 22 neutrons.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Atoms
46. A neutral atom that has 22 protons could have 25 neutrons.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Atoms
47. Oxygen has eight electrons, but only six of them are in its outermost energy level.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Energy Levels
48. Hydrogen bonds between atoms do not form molecules or compounds.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Attraction Between Molecules
49. According to the general formula, in synthesis reactions, the number of reactants is usually greater than the number of products.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Chemical Reactions
50. According to the general formula, in decomposition reactions, the number of reactants is usually greater than the number of products.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Chemical Reactions
51. According to the general formula, in exchange reactions, the number of reactants and the number of products are usually equal.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Chemical Reactions
52. A solution with a pH of 6 has 100 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 4.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: The pH Scale
53. A solution with a pH of 3 has 100 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 5.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: The pH Scale
54. Because oxygen has eight electrons, it has achieved its octet and will not react with other elements.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Energy Levels
55. Trace elements in the body make up about 1% of the body weight.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Elements and Compounds
56. The atomic number of an atom determines its identity.
ANS: T
DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Atomic Number and Mass Number
57. An ionic bond forms crystals whereas a covalent bond forms molecules.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Ionic Bonds and Covalent Bonds
58. Electrons surround the nucleus of an atom in areas of probability rather than in defined orbits.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Energy Levels
59. The idea that electrons are found in areas of probability distribution around the nucleus was first proposed by Niels Bohr.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Energy Levels
60. The term atomic weight refers to the average mass number for a particular element based on the typical proportions of different isotopes found in nature.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Isotopes
61. A molecule can be an element or a compound.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Attraction Between Atoms—Chemical Bonds
62. There cannot be an electrically neutral ion.
ANS: T
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: Ionic Bonds
63. Ions gain or lose electrons to try to attain four pairs of electrons in their outermost energy level.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Ionic Bonds
64. Hydrogen bonds form as a result of the attraction between polar molecules.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Hydrogen Bonds
65. In a formula for a chemical reaction, the substances on the right of the arrow are referred to as products.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Chemical Reactions
66. A type of chemical reaction called hydrolysis is an example of an anabolic reaction.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Catabolism
67. During catabolic reactions, some of the energy is released as heat to help keep the body warm.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Catabolism
68. A type of chemical reaction called dehydration synthesis is an example of an anabolic reaction.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Anabolism
69. A few inorganic compounds contain both C-C bonds but no inorganic compound has a C-H bond.
ANS: F
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Organic and Inorganic Compounds
70. Fifty percent or more of a normal adult’s body weight is water.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Water
71. One of the functions of water in the body is that of helping to maintain a constant body temperature.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Properties of Water
72. One function of carbon dioxide is to help maintain proper pH balance in the body.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
73. A substance that releases an OH– ion in solution is called a base.
ANS: T
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Bases
74. A solution containing the same number of H+ ions and OH– ions would have a pH of zero.
ANS: F
DIF: Application REF:
TOP: The pH Scale
MATCHING
Match each term to its corresponding descriptive phrase.
a. Proton
b. Neutron
c. Electron
d. Isotopes
e. Ionic bonds
f. Covalent bonds
g. Octet rule
h. Atomic number
i. Atomic mass
j. Hydrogen bonds
1. Number of protons an atom has
2. Subatomic particle with no charge
3. Bond formed between atoms when they share electrons
4. Subatomic particle with a positive charge
5. Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
6. Value determined by adding the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
7. Bond that requires a polar molecule
8. Subatomic particle that has a negative charge and is found in a “cloud” surrounding the nucleus of the atom
9. Bond that is formed by the transfer of an electron from one atom to another
10. Indicates an atom will react until it has eight electrons in its outermost energy level
1. ANS: H
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Atomic Number and Mass Number
2. ANS: B
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Atomic Structure
3. ANS: F
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Covalent Bonds
4. ANS: A
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Atomic Structure
5. ANS: D
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Isotopes
6. ANS: I
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Atomic Number and Mass Number
7. ANS: J
DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Hydrogen Bonds
8. ANS: C
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Atomic Structure
9. ANS: E
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Ionic Bonds
10. ANS: G
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Energy Levels
OTHER
1. Describe the Bohr model of the atom.
ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Energy Levels
2. Name and briefly describe the types of chemical bonds discussed in this chapter.
ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Covalent Bonds, Ionic or Electrovalent Bonds, and Hydrogen Bonds
3. Explain the types of chemical reactions discussed in this chapter, and give the formula for each.
ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Memorization
REF:
TOP: Chemical Reactions
4. Name and describe the types of radiation discussed in the chapter.
ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Radiation
5. Explain why the properties of water are important in the functioning of the body.
ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Properties of Water
6. Explain the role of buffers in maintaining the proper environment in which the body can function.
ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application
REF:
TOP: Buffers
7. Explain what is meant by anabolism and catabolism, and name a process that is an example of each.
ANS: Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Metabolism
8. Releases a hydrogen ion into a solution, which lowers the pH
a. Acid
b. Base ANS: A
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Acids and Bases
9. Releases a hydroxide ion into solution, which raises the pH
a. Acid
b. Base ANS: B
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Acids and Bases
10. Turns red litmus paper blue
a. Acid
b. Base ANS: B
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Acids and Bases
11. Turns blue litmus paper red
a. Acid
b. Base ANS: A
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Acids and Bases
12. Gastric fluid, approximately a 1.5 on the pH scale
a. Acid
b. Base ANS: A
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Acids and Bases
13. Household ammonia, an 11 on the pH scale
a. Acid
b. Base ANS: B
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Acids and Bases
14. Tastes sour
a. Acid
b. Base ANS: A
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Acids and Bases
15. Tastes bitter
a. Acid
b. Base ANS: B
DIF: Memorization REF:
TOP: Acids and Bases [Show Less]