NURS 6551 midterm exam Questions and Answers
• Question 1
Autocrine stimulation is the ability of cancer cells to do what?
Selected Answe Stimulate
... [Show More] angiogenesis to create their own blood supply
SECRET GROWTH FACTORS THAT STIMULATES THEIR OWN GROWTHS
• Question 2
0 out of 1 points
A patient is having a spirometry measurement done and asks the healthcare professional to explain this test. What response by the professional is best?
TO MEASURE THE VOLUME AND FLOW RATE DURING FORCE EXPIRATION
Selected Answer:
• Question 3
To determine pH and oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations
0 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional wants to determine the adequacy of a person's alveolar ventilation. What assessment finding is most important for the professional to consider?
Selected Answer: Respiratory rate of 12 breaths/min
❖ ATERIAL BLOOD GAS
• Question 4
0 out of 1 points
Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases?
Selected Answer: Muscular disease such as muscular dystrophy
❖ CARDIOVASCULA DISEASES AND HTN AND ISCGEMIC HEART DISEASES
• Question 5
and fibromyalgia
0 out of 1 points
What are blood pressure variations associated with?
Selected Answer: b 1-Adrenergic receptors to increase heart rate
• Question 6
1 out of 1 points
A patient has a serum sodium level of 165 mEq/L. The healthcare professional explains that the clinical manifestations of confusion, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, and coma are caused by what mechanism?
Selected Answer:
High sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of the brain cells into the blood vessels, causing brain cells to shrink.
• Question 7
0 out of 1 points
What is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the ventricles are filled with blood?
Selected Answer Chordae tendineae relax, which allows the valves to close.
❖ Reduced pressure in the atria creates a negative pressure that
pulls the valves closed.
• Question 8
1 out of 1 points
The student asks the healthcare professional to explain how pulmonary edema and pulmonary fibrosis cause hypoxemia. What
description by the professional is best?
Selected Answer: Impairs alveolocapillary membrane diffusion
• Question 9
1 out of 1 points
It has been determined that a patient's tumor is in stage 2. How does the healthcare professional describe this finding to the patient?
Selected Answer: Cancer is locally invasive.
• Question 10
1 out of 1 points
What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging?
Selected Answer: Arterial stiffening
• Question 11
1 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional is educating a patient about asthma. The professional states that good control is necessary due to which pathophysiologic process?
Selected Answer:
Uncontrolled inflammation leads to increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eventual scarring.
• Question 12
1 out of 1 points
The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac location?
Selected Answer: Atria
• Question 13
1 out of 1 points
Which patient would the healthcare professional assess for other signs of thyrotoxic crisis?
Selected Answer: Hyperthermia and tachycardia
• Question 14
0 out of 1 points
A professor has taught the students about the pathogenesis of abdominal pain. Which statement by a student indicates the professor needs to review the material?
Selected Answer:
Ischemia, caused by distention of bowel obstruction or mesenteric vessel thrombosis, produces abdominal pain.
• Question 15
0 out of 1 points
A patient has a history of excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum-containing antacids. What lab value does the healthcare professional correlate to this behavior?
Selected Answer: Magnesium 1.8 mg/dL
HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA < 2.OMG/DL
• Question 16
0 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional is educating a patient on asthma. The professional tells the patient that the most successful treatment for chronic asthma begins with which action?
Selected Answer:
• Question 17
Administration of drugs that decrease airway inflammation
AVIODANCE OF THE CAUSATIVE AGENT
1 out of 1 points
Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
Selected Answer: Increased retention of water
• Question 18
0 out of 1 points
A patient asks the healthcare professional why tissue damage occurs in acute rejection after organ transplantation. What response by the professional is best?
Selected Answer:
Receptors on natural killer cells recognize antigens on the cell surface of transplanted tissue, which releases lysosomal enzymes that destroy tissue.
TH1 CELLS RELEASES CYTOKINES THAT ACTIVATED INFLITRITING MACROPHAGES AND CYTOXIC T CELLS DIRECTLT ATTACK THE ENDOTHELIA CELLS
• Question 19
0 out of 1 points
A patient in the clinic reports projectile vomiting without nausea or other gastrointestinal symptoms. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?
Selected Answer: Administer intravenous hydration.
• Question 20
0 out of 1 points
Which renal change is found in older adults?
Selected Answer: Sharp decline in glomerular filtration rate
DECREASE IN RENAL BLOOD FLOW
• Question 21
1 out of 1 points
A patient has been diagnosed with an empyema. What does the healthcare professional tell the patient about this condition?
Selected We will have to drain the pus out of your pleural
Answer: space.
• Question 22
0 out of 1 points
A professor has taught a student about skeletal alterations seen in chronic kidney disease. Which statement by the student indicates the professor needs to give more information?
Selected Answer:
The effectiveness of calcium and phosphate resorption from bone is impaired.
• Question 23
0 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has a delay in electrical activity reaching the ventricle as seen on ECG. What ECG finding would the healthcare professional associate with this problem?
Selected Answer: A QRS complex measuring 0.08 sec
• Question 24
1 out of 1 points
The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept?
Selected Answer: Prevalence
• Question 25
1 out of 1 points
What is the blood type of a person who is heterozygous, having A and B alleles as codominant?
Selected Answer: AB
• Question 26
0 out of 1 points
What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection?
Selected Answer:
Reverse transcriptase converts single-stranded DNA into double-stranded DNA
IT CONVERTS RNA INTO DOUBLE STRANDED DNA
• Question 27
0 out of 1 points
A class of students has learned about contributing factors to duodenal ulcers. What statement indicates to the professor that the students need a review?
Selected Answer:
Duodenal ulcers occur with greater frequency than other types of peptic ulcers.
GASTRIC EMPTYING IS SLOWED CAUSING GREATER EXPOLOSURE OF THE MUCOSA TO ACID
• Question 28
1 out of 1 points
A Rh-negative woman gave birth to a Rh-positive baby. When discussing Rho[D] immunoglobulin with her, what information should the healthcare professional provide?
Selected Answer:
• Question 29
It prevents alloimmunity and hemolytic anemia of the newborn.
1 out of 1 points
The glomerular filtration rate is directly related to which factor? Selected Answer: Perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries
• Question 30
1 out of 1 points
A parent wants to know how to prevent type 1 diabetes in the newborn. The healthcare professional explains that prevention is not possible, because which of these is a major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Selected Answer: An autoimmune cause factor
• Question 31
1 out of 1 points
What is one function of the tumor cell marker?
Selected Answer: To screen individuals at high risk for cancer
• Question 32
0 out of 1 points
A patient in the hospital has hypernatremia. What condition should the healthcare professional assess for?
Selected Answer: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
HYPERSECRETION OF ALDOSTERONE
• Question 33
0 out of 1 points
A patient has been diagnosed with a renal stone. Based on knowledge of common stone types, what self-care measure does the healthcare professional plan to teach the patient when stone analysis has returned?
Selected Answer: Increase water intake.
INGEST 1000MG OF CALCIUM A DAY
• Question 34
0 out of 1 points
Which gastric hormone inhibits acid and pepsinogen secretion, as well as decreases the release of gastrin?
Selected Answer: Histamine
ANS: SOMATOSTATIN
• Question 35
0 out of 1 points
The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which cells?
Selected Answer: Fibroblast cells
ANS: CONNECTIVE CELL TISSUE
• Question 36
1 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional tells the student that a properly placed endotracheal tube for mechanical ventilation is 5 to 7 cm above the tracheal bifurcation. Where does this bifurcation occur?
Selected Answer: Carina
• Question 37
0 out of 1 points
What is the only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area called?
Selected Answer: Descending loop of Henle
• Question 38
0 out of 1 points
Surfactant produced by type II alveolar cells facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation by which mechanism?
Selected Answer: Increasing surface tension in the alveoli
DECREASE SURFACE TENSION IN THE ALVEOLI
• Question 39
1 out of 1 points
The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of what hormonal process?
Selected Answer: Hyperplasia
• Question 40
0 out of 1 points
What mechanisms occur in the liver cells as a result of lipid accumulation?
Selected Answer:
• Question 41
Increased conversion of fatty acids to phospholipids
0 out of 1 points
A patient is brought to the Emergency Department with a gunshot wound to the chest. The healthcare professional assesses an abnormality involving a pleural rupture that acts as a one-way valve, permitting air to enter on inspiration but preventing its escape by closing during expiration. What action by the healthcare professional is the priority?
Selected Answer: Give the patient low-flow oxygen.
ASSIST WITH CHEST TUBE INSERTION
• Question 42
1 out of 1 points
A patient’s chart indicates Kussmaul respirations. The student asks the healthcare professional what this is caused by. What response by the professional is most accurate?
Selected Answer:
• Question 43
A compensatory measure is needed to correct metabolic acidosis.
1 out of 1 points
A patient has diabetes mellitus. A recent urinalysis showed increased amounts of protein. What therapy does the healthcare provider educate the patient that is specific to this disorder?
Selected Answer: Treatment with an ACE inhibitor
• Question 44
0 out of 1 points
Which normal physiologic change occurs in the aging pulmonary system?
Selected Answer: Decreased flow resistance
CHEST WALL
• Question 45
STIFFING OF THE
0 out of 1 points
In teaching a women’s community group, which risk factor does the healthcare professional teach is related to high morbidity of cancer of the colon, uterus, and kidney?
Selected Answer: Woman who have smoked for more than 10 years
WOMEN WHO HAS HIGH BODY MASS INDEX
• Question 46
1 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional is assessing a child who has complete trisomy of the twenty-first chromosome. What findings does the professional relate to this condition?
Selected Answer:
An IQ of 25 to 70, low nasal bridge, protruding tongue, and flat, low-set ears
• Question 47
How do free radicals cause cell damage?
0 out of 1 points
Selected Answer: Stealing the cell's oxygen to stabilize the electron, thus causing hypoxia
GIVING UP ELECTRON, WHICH CAUSES INJURY TO THE CHEMICA
BONES OF THE CELL MEMBRANCE
• Question 48
0 out of 1 points
A patient had a myocardial infarction that damaged the SA node, which is no longer functioning as the pacemaker of the heart. What heart rate would the healthcare provider expect the patient to have?
Selected Answer: 30 to 40 beats/min POSSIBLE 40-60BEATS/MINS
• Question 49
0 out of 1 points
Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response?
Selected Answer: The response is innate, rather than acquired.
THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IS SPECIFIC TO THE ANTIGENS THAT INITIATES IT
• Question 50
0 out of 1 points
A student asks the professor to differentiate Type 2 diabetes mellitus from Type 1. The professors' response would be that Type 2 is best described as what?
Selected Answer: Presence of insulin autoantibodies that destroy beta cells in the pancreas
RESTITRANCE TO INSULIN BY INSULIN SENSITIVE TISSUES
• Question 51
0 out of 1 points
A student asks the professor how a faulty negative-feedback mechanism results in a hormonal imbalance. What response ANS by the professor is best?
ANS: EXCESSIVE HORMONE PRODUCTION RESULTS FROM A FAILURE TO TURN OFF THE SYSTEM
Selected Answer:
• Question 52
Decreased hormonal secretion is a response to rising hormone levels.
0 out of 1 points
A patient asks the healthcare professional to describe the cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). What response by the professional is best?
ANS: EXCESSIVE PRODUCTION OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Selected Answer:
• Question 53
Presence of Helicobacter pylori in the esophagus
1 out of 1 points
The student wants information about a patient's renal function. What test does the healthcare professional tell the student to evaluate?
Selected Answer: Glomerular filtration rate
• Question 54
1 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional tells a student that a patient has lost atrial kick. What would the student expect to see when examining this patient?
Selected Answer: Signs of decreased cardiac output
• Question 55
0 out of 1 points
Which patient would the healthcare professional assess for elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion?
ANS: HAS LONG -STANDING KIDNEYS DISEASE FROM DIABETES
Selected Answer: Had a hip replacement operation 14 days ago
• Question 56
• ANS: LOW ALVEOLA PATIAL PRESSURE OF ARTERIAL
OXYGENE(PAO2)
0 out of 1 points What is the most important cause of pulmonary artery constriction?
Selected Answer: Hyperventilation
• Question 57
0 out of 1 points
A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dL; positive urine glucose and ketones; serum potassium (K +) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na +) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he has been sick with the flu for 1 week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin deficiency?
Selected Answer:
Increased glucose use causes the shift of fluid from the intravascular to the intracellular space.
ANS: DECREASE GLUCOSE USE CAUSES FATTY ACID USE, KYTOGENESIS, METABOLIC ACIDOSIS AND OSMOTIC DIURESIS
• Question 58
1 out of 1 points
The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever that is produced by the hypothalamus being affected by what?
Selected Answer: Endogenous pyrogens
• Question 59
1 out of 1 points
Which statement is true about phagocytosis?
Selected Answer: Phagocytosis involves the ingestion of bacteria.
• Question 60
0 out of 1 points
Which statement made by a student indicates the healthcare professional needs to describe the pericardium again?
Selected Answer: The pericardium is a double- walled membranous sac that encloses the heart.
ANS: IT IS MADE OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE AND A SURFACE LAYER OF SQUAMOUS CELL
• Question 61
0 out of 1 points
What causes the go that occurs during the inflammatory process?
Selected Answer: Vasodilation of blood vessels
ANS: INCREASED CAPILLARY PERMEABILITY
• Question 62
1 out of 1 points
During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in serum hydrogen ions by shifting hydrogen ions into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte?
Selected Answer: Potassium
• Question 63
0 out of 1 points
The healthcare professional working with older adults teaches general infection-prevention measures as a priority for this age group due to which change in lymphocyte function?
Selected Answer: Decreased production of autoantibodies
• Question 64
0 out of 1 points
Which cardiac chambers have the thinnest wall and why?
Selected Answer:
The right ventricle; it pumps blood into the pulmonary capillaries, which have a lower pressure compared with the systemic circulation.
ANS: The right and left atria. They are LOW PRESSURE CHAMBER THAT SERVE AS STORAGE UNIT AND CONDUCT FOR BLOOD
• Question 65
0 out of 1 points
The healthcare professional explains to a student that the amount of volume of blood in the heart is directly related to the of contraction.
Selected Answer: Pressure
ANS:
STRENGHT
• Question 66
1 out of 1 points
A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What action by the healthcare professional is best?
Selected Answer: Give the patient an antihistamine.
• Question 67
1 out of 1 points
A patient reports dumping syndrome after a partial gastrectomy. What does the healthcare professional teach this patient?
Selected Answer: Eat small, frequent high-protein meals.
• Question 68
1 out of 1 points
A patient is in severe shock and is receiving vasopressin. A student asks the health care professional to explain the rationale for this treatment. What response by the professional is most accurate?
Selected Answer:
Antidiuretic hormone causes vasoconstriction to help increase blood pressure.
• Question 69
0 out of 1 points
How does progressive nephron injury affect angiotensin II activity?
Selected Answer: Angiotensin II activity is decreased.
ANS: ANGIOTENSIN II IS ELEVATED
• Question 70
1 out of 1 points
When comparing the clinical manifestations of both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS), which condition is associated with only DKA?
Selected Answer: Kussmaul respirations
• Question 71
0 out of 1 points
The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node because of what reason?
Selected Answer: It has a superior location in the right atrium.
• Question 72
0 out of 1 points
Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism?
Selected Answer: [None Given] ANS: SECONDARY
• Question 73
1 out of 1 points
What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion?
Selected Answer: Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
• Question 74
0 out of 1 points
Why is leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injuries significant?
Selected Answer:
Influx of potassium ions into the mitochondria occurs, halting the ATP production.
ANS: ENZYMATIC DIGESTION OF THE NUCLEOUS AND NUCLECLEOUS OCCURS HALTING DNA SYNTHESIS
• Question 75
0 out of 1 points
What is the cause of functional dysphagia?
Selected Answer: Intrinsic mechanical obstruction
ANS: NEURAL OR MUSCULAR DISORDER
• Question 76
0 out of 1 points Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when considering the antigen?
Selected Answer: Complexity
ANS:
FOREIGNNESS
• Question 77
0 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional is conducting community education on vaccinations. Which statement about vaccines does the professional include in the presentation?
Selected Answer:
• Question 78
Most viral vaccines are made by using dead organisms.
1 out of 1 points
In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells, the role of eosinophils is to release what?
Selected Answer:
Histaminase, which limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation
• Question 79
1 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional cares for older adults in a skilled nursing facility. What should the professional assess for in these individuals related to cardiovascular functioning?
Selected Answer: Increased rate of falling and dizzy spells
• Question 80
0 out of 1 points
What is the major determinant of the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the systemic circulation?
Selected Answer: Force of ventricular contraction
• Question 81
1 out of 1 points
Phagocytosis involves neutrophils actively attacking, engulfing, and destroying which microorganisms?
Selected Answer: Bacteria
• Question 82
0 out of 1 points
A patient’s urinalysis came back positive for glucose. What does the healthcare professional expect the patient’s blood glucose to be at a minimum?
Selected Answer: 126 mg/Dl
Ans: 150/mgDL
• Question 83
1 out of 1 points
What is the single most common cause of cellular injury?
Selected Answer: Hypoxic injury
• Question 84
0 out of 1 points
A person has hypothyroidism. What chemical does the healthcare professional advise the person to include in the diet?
Selected Answer: Iron
ANS: IODINE
• Question 85
What is apoptosis?
1 out of 1 points
Selected Answer:
Normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is excessive
• Question 86
0 out of 1 points During the cardiac cycle, why do the aortic and pulmonic valves
close after the ventricles relax?
Selected Answer: Chordae tendineae contract, which pulls the valves closed.
ANS: BLOD FILLS THE CUPS OF THE VALVE AND CAUSE THE EDGES TO MERGE, CLOSING THE VALVES
• Question 87
What is one function of the tumor cell marker?
1 out of 1 points
Selected Answer: To screen individuals at high risk for cancer
• Question 88
1 out of 1 points
After a partial gastrectomy, gastric bypass, or pyloroplasty, clinical manifestations that include increased pulse, hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness are the results of which mechanism?
Selected Answer: Rapid gastric emptying
• Question 89
1 out of 1 points
What is the second most commonly recognized genetic cause of intellectual disability?
Selected Answer: Fragile X syndrome
• Question 90
0 out of 1 points
Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel? Selected Answer: Superior vena cava ANS: PULMONARY VEIN
• Question 91
1 out of 1 points A patient had a thyroidectomy and now reports tingling around the mouth and has a positive Chvostek sign. What laboratory finding would be most helpful to the healthcare professional?
Selected Answer: Serum calcium
• Question 92
0 out of 1 points
A person wants to know if eating only plant-based foods is advisable as a way to cut cholesterol to near-zero levels. What response by the health care professional is best?
Selected Answer: No, you will become extremely malnourished.
• Question 93
0 out of 1 points
What are tumor cell markers?
Selected Answer: Receptor sites on tumor cells that can be identified and marked
ANS: HORMONES ENZYMES ANTIGENS AND ANTIBOSIES THAT ARE PRODUCED BY CANCER CELLS
• Question 94
0 out of 1 points
A professor has taught the students about the sources of increased ammonia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. What statement by a student indicates the professor should review this material?
Selected Answer:
Ammonia-forming bacteria in the colon are sources of increased ammonia.
• Question 95
1 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for pulmonary emboli (PE) as
the priority?
Selected Answer: Deep venous thrombosis
• Question 96
0 out of 1 points
What is the role of the normal intestinal bacterial flora?
Selected Answer: Facilitating the motility of the colon
ANS: METABOLIZED BILE SALTS, ESTROGENS AND LIPIDS
• Question 97
1 out of 1 points
What is the initiating event that leads to the development of atherosclerosis?
Selected Answer:
• Question 98
Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls
0 out of 1 points
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, why does an increase in the osmotic pressure within the cell occur?
Selected Answer:
The adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase)-driven pump is stronger during hypoxia.
• Question 99
1 out of 1 points
People diagnosed with neurofibromatosis have varying degrees of the condition because of which genetic principle?
Selected Answer: Expressivity
• Question 100
1 out of 1 points
Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do natural killer (NK) cells actively attack?
ESINOPSelected Answer:
Viruse s
Friday, April 3, 2020 3:53:24 PM EDT [Show Less]