NURS 6551 MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE
#1 Alcohol Abuse Among Women
The USPSTF (2014a) assigns a “B” recommendation to screening all adults age 18 and
... [Show More] older (including pregnant
women) for alcohol misuse; screening adolescents younger than age 18 has been assigned an “I statement”.
Most of all recent research regarding effects of alcohol has been conducted on males
Smaller amounts of alcohol is associated with more severe damage to a women
Alcohol consumption is considered hazardous for a women who has either more than seven drinks per week or
more than three drinks per day.
Women who consume more than seven drinks per day are considered at risk for developing AUD
Alcohol misuse screening tools include the AUDIT or Abbreviated AUDIT-C instrument or asking single
questions.
Ask patient, how many times in the past year have you had four or more drinks in a day?
#2 Feminist Perspective
Feminist is a model of care that works with women as opposed to for women.
Uses heterogeneity as an assumption, not homogeneity.
Minimizes or exposes power imbalance.
Rejects androcentric models as normative
Challenges the medicalization and pathologizing of normal physiologic processes.
Seeks social and political change to address women’s health issues.
A feminist model supports egalitarian relationships and identifies the women as the expert on her own body.
The women is the center of this healthcare model
Acknowledges the broader context in which women live their lives and the subsequent challenges to their
health as a result of living within a patriarchal society.
#3 Cultural Perspectives of Women
Adolescents- Using a relational approach when providing care to adolescent females, which is how adolescent
females often define themselves. By asking questions such as “Tell me about your friends or who you hang out
with”.
Early adulthood- Women at this age are facing childbirth and contraceptive issues, intimate partner violence,
substance abuse and stress.
Midlife- Clinicians providing care for women in midlife need to promote healthy sexual functioning and assess
changes that may negatively impact desire.
Older women- Some women become isolated. Elderly women contend with ageism and sexism.
Problems faced by Mexican and Central American women include feeding their families, accessing formal health
care.
Undocumented migrant women also face problems with obtaining assistance with food and health care due to
the inability to seek assistance
Veterans have increased risk for having been sexually assaulted, have post-traumatic stress disorder and
traumatic brain injury
People who are assigned female sex at birth are natal females, those who are assigned as males are considered
natal males.
Transgender woman is a natal male who has a female gender identity.
A transgender man is a natal female who has a male gender identity
Cisgender refers to someone whose gender identity matches their natal sex
LBQ women and TGNC (Transgender and gender non-confirming) experience interpersonal and institutional
discrimination.
LBQ and TGNC people face rejection of their families, their communities and spiritual levels.
LBQ and TGNC face the risk of not being involved with their partners in times of health crises, or able to
participate in medical decisions of their partners when incapacitated.
LBQ and TGNC people are less likely to have insurance or be able to afford healthcare.
TGNC persons are at higher risk for suicide and are 5 times at greater risk for depression
Clinicians must create environments that are welcoming and nonthreatening to patients of all gender identities
and sexual orientations
EMR must be able to identify the patient with their physical sex as well as their identified sex
Use open-ended and gender-neutral language
Examinations must be based on anatomy and organs present, not the perceived gender of the patient
For Transgender men taking testosterone- provide a short course of vaginal estradiol prior to vaginal
examinations, as well as topical anesthetic to reduce pain.
LBQ and TGNC youth are at an increased risk for violence, homelessness and substance abuse than others of
their age.
Older adults of the LBQ and TGNC population are particularly vulnerable to abuse, neglect and poverty.
Some religions and restrictive family upbringings may alter a woman’s ideas about sexuality and their ability to
enjoy their sexuality.
Black women experience menopause earlier than other women, an average age of approximately 50 years.
Caucasian and hispanic women have reported greatest number of psychosomatic symptoms of menopause
(moodiness, headaches, palpitations),
African American women reported highest severity of vasomotor symptoms of menopause
Asian women reported problems with joint pain and stiffness, especially in the neck, shoulders and back.
Women who are migrant workers may not report IPV for fear of deportation.
Migrant workers commonly have the belief that the woman is subordinate to the man and not be aware of
support services
Domestic Violence is the leading cause of homicide in women globally
Contraceptive considerations for couples that are part of cultural groups that prohibit contraceptives:
a. A. Cervical mucus monitoring
b. B. Basal body temperature monitoring
c. C. Menstrual cycle charting
d. D. Ovulation sensations
e. E. Electronic hormonal fertility monitoring
Native American women have the highest rates of rape and assault in the U.S. (Leik)
Muslim women may refuse to undress and cannot be examined by a male practitioner without her husband or
another male of her family present.
#4 Tanner Stages
A commonly used scale for assessing sexual maturity and pubertal development is the Tanner scale, which
for girls, relies on development of the breast and growth of pubic hair. It divides sexual physical maturity
into five stages that extend from preadolescence to [Show Less]