Quantitative Futility correct answers When treatment will not achieve its biomedical goal/ "will not work"; a fact distinction based on scientific and
... [Show More] empirical evidence
Qualitative Futility correct answers A value distinction - values lead the surrogate decision maker to conclude that the treatment has no benefit according to such values - typically in terms of QOL
Truog's 3 Phase Consultation Process and Options correct answers Phase 1 - Meet with ethics committee & clinical team for the medical perspective
Phase 2 - Meet with patients or surrogates for their perspective
Phase 3 - Committee-only session to determine "is life-sustaining treatment inappropriate or harmful?"
-The committee decides if treatment provides health benefit
-If committee supports medical team's assessment, then involve hospital administration and legal counsel
Option 1 - Pursue conversations
Option 2 - Transfer patient
Option 3 - Judicial resolution
Option 4 - Hospital sanctions unilateral withdrawal & inform surrogate
Truog on Futile CPR correct answers "In a small number of cases, providing non-beneficial CPR can be an act of sincere caring and compassion"
Carol Taylor speaks correct answers "If patient care conferences that include patients & families are not routinely scheduled for critically ill patients, a nurse's first task is to convene such a conference"
Taylor's Advocacy Model correct answers 1. Develop interpersonal competence and group process skills
2. Know the patient and the surrogates
3. Nurse patient relationship is central (trust is necessary)
4. Three-pronged assessment of: current health state of patient; influence of this state on a person; influence on a person's ability to achieve meaningful life goals
4. Be sensitive to professional and societal factors that contribute to futility conflicts
5. Separate patient suffering from surrogate suffering (patient suffering is first priority, but take both into account)
4 Steps to Determine Brain Death correct answers 1. Must meet prerequisite conditions first
-Prerequisites: must establish irreversible and proximate cause of coma, achieve normal core temperature, achieve normal systolic BP (greater than or equal to 100 mmHg)
-Then MD performs one neurological examination (some states require a 2nd exam after a waiting period) [Show Less]