NURS 206 Mental Health Questions and Answers
Chapter 02: Mental Health and Mental Illness
1. An 86-year-old, previously healthy and independent, falls
... [Show More] after an episode of vertigo. Which behavior by this patient best demonstrates resilience? The patient:
a. says, I knew this would happen eventually.
b. stops attending her weekly water aerobics class.
c. refuses to use a walker and says, I don’t need that silly thing.
d. says, Maybe some physical therapy will help me with my balance.
ANS: D Resiliency is the ability to recover from or adjust to misfortune and change. The correct response indicates that the patient is hopeful and thinking positively about ways to adapt to the vertigo. Saying I knew this would happen eventually and discontinuing healthy activities suggest a hopeless perspective on the health change. Refusing to use a walker indicates denial.
2. A patient is admitted to the psychiatric hospital. Which assessment finding best indicates that the patient has a mental illness? The patient:
a. describes coping and relaxation strategies used when feeling anxious.
b. describes mood as consistently sad, discouraged, and hopeless.
c. can perform tasks attempted within the limits of own abilities.
d. reports occasional problems with insomnia.
ANS: B A patient who reports having a consistently negative mood is describing a mood alteration. The incorrect options describe mentally healthy behaviors and common problems that do not indicate mental illness.
3. The goal for a patient is to increase resiliency. Which outcome should a nurse add to the plan of care? Within 3 days, the patient will:
a. describe feelings associated with loss and stress.
b. meet own needs without considering the rights of others.
c. identify healthy coping behaviors in response to stressful events.
d. allow others to assume responsibility for major areas of own life.
ANS: C The patients ability to identify healthy coping behaviors indicates adaptive, healthy behavior and demonstrates an increased ability to recover from severe stress. Describing feelings associated with loss and stress does not move the patient toward adaptation. The remaining options are maladaptive behaviors.
4. Which organization actively seeks to reduce the stigma associated with mental illness through public presentations such as In Our Own Voice (IOOV)?
a. American Psychiatric Association (APA)
b. National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI)
c. United States Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)
d. North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International (NANDA-I) ANS: B
Stigma represents the bias and prejudice commonly held regarding mental illness. NAMI actively seeks to dispel misconceptions about mental illness. NANDA-I defines approved nursing diagnoses. The APA publishes the DSM 5. The USDHHS regulates and administers health policies.
5. A nurse must assess several new patients at a community mental health center. Conclusions concerning current functioning should be made on the basis of:
a. the degree of conformity of the individual to society’s norms.
b. the degree to which an individual is logical and rational.
c. a continuum from mentally healthy to unhealthy.
d. the rate of intellectual and emotional growth.
ANS: C Because mental health and mental illness are relative concepts, assessment of functioning is made by using a continuum. Mental health is not based on conformity; some mentally healthy individuals do not
conform to society’s norms. Most individuals occasionally display illogical or irrational thinking. The rate of intellectual and emotional growth is not the most useful criterion to assess mental health or mental illness.
6. A nurse at a behavioral health clinic sees an unfamiliar psychiatric diagnosis on a patients insurance form. Which resource should the nurse consult to discern the criteria used to establish this diagnosis?
a. A psychiatric nursing textbook
b. NANDA International (NANDA-I )
c. A behavioral health reference manual
d. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)
ANS: D The DSM-5 gives the criteria used to diagnose each mental disorder. The NANDA-I focuses on nursing diagnoses. A psychiatric nursing textbook or behavioral health reference manual may not contain diagnostic criteria.
7. A 40-year-old adult living with parents states, Im happy but I dont socialize much. My work is routine.
When new things come up, my boss explains them a few times to make sure I understand. At home, my parents make decisions for me, and I go along with them. A nurse should identify interventions to improve this patients:
a. self-concept.
b. overall happiness.
c. appraisal of reality.
d. control over behavior.
ANS: A The patient feels the need for multiple explanations of new tasks at work and, despite being 40 years of age, allows both parents to make all decisions. These behaviors indicate a poorly developed self-concept.
Although the patient reports being happy, the subsequent comments refute that self-appraisal. The patients comments do not indicate that he/she is out of touch with reality. The patients needs are broader than control over own behavior.
8. A patient tells a nurse, I have psychiatric problems and am in and out of hospitals all the time. Not one of my friends or relatives has these problems. Select the nurses best response.
a. Comparing yourself with others has no real advantages.
b. Why do you blame yourself for having a psychiatric illness?
c. Mental illness affects 50% of the adult population in any given year.
d. It sounds like you are concerned that others dont experience the same challenges as you.
ANS: D Mental illness affects many people at various times in their lives. No class, culture, or creed is immune to the challenges of mental illness. The correct response also demonstrates the use of reflection, a therapeutic communication technique. It is not true that mental illness affects 50% of the population in any given year.
Asking patients if they blame themselves is an example of probing.
9. A critical care nurse asks a psychiatric nurse about the difference between a diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and a nursing diagnosis. Select the psychiatric nurses best response.
a. No functional difference exists between the two diagnoses. Both serve to identify a human deviance.
b. The DSM-5 diagnosis disregards culture, whereas the nursing diagnosis includes cultural variables.
c. The DSM-5 diagnosis profiles present distress or disability, whereas a nursing diagnosis considers past and present responses to actual mental health problems.
d. The DSM-5 diagnosis influences the medical treatment; the nursing diagnosis offers a framework to identify interventions for problems a patient has or may experience.
ANS: D The medical diagnosis, defined according to the DSM-5, is concerned with the patients disease state, causes, and cures, whereas the nursing diagnosis focuses on the patients response to stress and possible caring interventions. Both the DSM-5 and a nursing diagnosis consider culture. Nursing diagnoses also consider potential problems.
10. The spouse of a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia says, I dont understand why childhood experiences have anything to do with this disabling illness. Select the nurses response that will best help the spouse understand this condition.
a. Psychological stress is actually at the root of most mental disorders.
b. We now know that all mental illnesses are the result of genetic factors.
c. It must be frustrating for you that your spouse is sick so much of the time.
d. Although this disorder more likely has a biological rather than psychological origin, the support and involvement of caregivers is very important.
ANS: D Many of the most prevalent and disabling mental disorders have been found to have strong biological influences. Helping the spouse understand the importance of his or her role as a caregiver is also important.
Empathy is important but does not increase the spouses level of knowledge about the cause of the patients condition. Not all mental illnesses are the result of genetic factors. Psychological stress is not at the root of most mental disorders.
11. Which belief by a nurse supports the highest degree of patient advocacy during a multidisciplinary patient care planning session?
a. All mental illnesses are culturally determined.
b. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are cross-cultural disorders.
c. Symptoms of mental disorders are constant from culture to culture.
d. Some symptoms of mental disorders may reflect a persons cultural patterns.
ANS: D A nurse who understands that a patients symptoms are influenced by culture will be able to advocate for the patient to a greater degree than a nurse who believes that culture is of little relevance. All mental illnesses are not culturally determined. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are cross-cultural disorders, but this understanding has little relevance to patient advocacy. Symptoms of mental disorders change from culture to culture.
12. A patients history shows intense and unstable relationships with others. The patient initially idealizes an individual and then devalues the person when the patients needs are not met. Which aspect of mental health is a problem?
a. Effectiveness in work
b. Communication skills
c. Productive activities
d. Fulfilling relationships
ANS: D The information provided centers on relationships with others, which are described as intense and unstable.
The relationships of mentally healthy individuals are stable, satisfying, and socially integrated. Data are not present to describe work effectiveness, communication skills, or activities.
13. In the majority culture of the United States, which individual is at greatest risk to be incorrectly labeled mentally ill?
a. Person who is usually pessimistic but strives to meet personal goals
b. Wealthy person who gives $20 bills to needy individuals in the community
c. Person with an optimistic viewpoint about life and getting his or her own needs met
d. Person who attends a charismatic church and describes hearing Gods voice
ANS: D Hearing voices is generally associated with mental illness; however, in charismatic religious groups, hearing the voice of God or a prophet is a desirable event. In this situation, cultural norms vary, making it more difficult to make an accurate DSM-5 diagnosis. The individuals described in the other options are less likely to be labeled as mentally ill.
14. A participant at a community education conference asks, What is the most prevalent type of mental disorder in the United States? Select the nurse’s best response.
a. Why do you ask?
b. Schizophrenia
c. Affective disorders
d. anxiety disorders
ANS: D The prevalence for schizophrenia is 1.1% per year. The prevalence of all affective disorders (e.g., depression, dysthymic disorder, bipolar) is 9.5%. The prevalence of anxiety disorders is 13.3%.
15. A nurse wants to find a description of diagnostic criteria for a person diagnosed with schizophrenia. Which resource should the nurse consult?
a. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
b. Journal of the American Psychiatric Association
c. North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International (NANDA-I)
d. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)
ANS: D The DSM-5 identifies diagnostic criteria for psychiatric diagnoses. The other sources have useful information but are not the best resources for finding a description of the diagnostic criteria for a psychiatric disorder.
Select All That Apply
1. A patient in the emergency department reports, I hear voices saying someone is stalking me. They want to kill me because I found the cure for cancer. I will stab anyone that threatens me. Which aspects of mental health have the greatest immediate concern to a nurse? Select all that apply.
a. Happiness
b. Appraisal of reality
c. Control over behavior
d. Effectiveness in work
e. Healthy self-concept
ANS:B,C,E The aspects of mental health of greatest concern are the patients appraisal of and control over behavior. The patients appraisal of reality is inaccurate, and auditory hallucinations are evident, as well as delusions of persecution and grandeur. In addition, the patients control over behavior is tenuous, as evidenced by the plan to stab anyone who seems threatening. A healthy self-concept is lacking. Data are not present to suggest that the other aspects of mental health (happiness and effectiveness in work) are of immediate concern.
2. Which statements most clearly reflect the stigma of mental illness? Select all that apply.
a. Many mental illnesses are hereditary.
b. Mental illness can be evidence of a brain disorder.
c. People claim mental illness so they can get disability checks.
d. If people with mental illness went to church, they would be fine.
e. Mental illness is a result of the breakdown of the American family.
ANS:C,D,E Stigma is represented by judgmental remarks that discount the reality and validity of mental illness. Many mental illnesses are genetically transmitted. Neuroimaging can show changes associated with some mental illnesses.
Chapter 03: Theories and Therapies
1. A 26-month-old child displays negative behaviors. The parent says, My child refuses toilet training and shouts, No! when given direction. What do you think is wrong? Select the nurses best reply.
a. This is normal for your childs age. The child is striving for independence.
b. The child needs firmer control. Punish the child for disobedience and say, No.
c. There may be developmental problems. Most children are toilet trained by age 2 years.
d. Some undesirable attitudes are developing. A child psychologist can help you develop a remedial plan. ANS: A These negative behaviors are typical of a child around the age of 2 years whose developmental task is to develop autonomy. The incorrect options indicate the childs behavior is abnormal.
2. A 26-month-old child displays negative behavior, refuses toilet training, and often shouts, No! when given directions. Using Freuds stages of psychosexual development, a nurse would assess the childs behavior is based on which stage?
a. Oral
b. Anal
c. Phallic d. Genital
ANS: B In Freuds stages of psychosexual development, the anal stage occurs from age 1 to 3 years and has, as its focus, toilet training and learning to delay immediate gratification. The oral stage occurs between birth and 1 year, the phallic stage occurs between 3 and 5 years, and the genital stage occurs between 13 and 20 years.
3. A 26-month-old child displays negative behavior, refuses toilet training, and often shouts, No! when given direction. The nurses counseling with the parent should be based on the premise that the child is engaged in which of Eriksons psychosocial crises?
a. Trust versus Mistrust
b. Initiative versus Guilt
c. Industry versus Inferiority
d. Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt
ANS: D The crisis of Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt is related to the developmental task of gaining control of self and environment, as exemplified by toilet training. This psychosocial crisis occurs during the period of early childhood. Trust versus Mistrust is the crisis of the infant, Initiative versus Guilt is the crisis of the preschool and early school-aged child, and Industry versus Inferiority is the crisis of the 6- to 12-year-old child.
4. A 4- year-old child grabs toys from siblings, saying, I want that toy now! The siblings cry, and the childs parent becomes upset with the behavior. Using the Freudian theory, a nurse can interpret the childs behavior as a product of impulses originating in the:
a. id.
b. ego.
c. superego.
d. preconscious.
ANS: A The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of impulses. The ego acts as a mediator of behavior and weighs the consequences of the action, perhaps determining that taking the toy is not worth the parents wrath. The superego would oppose the impulsive behavior as not nice. The preconscious is a level of awareness.
5. The parent of a 4-year-old rewards and praises the child for helping a younger sibling, being polite, and using good manners. A nurse supports the use of praise because, according to the Freudian theory, these qualities will likely be internalized and become part of the childs:
a. id.
b. ego.
c. superego.
d. preconscious.
ANS: C In the Freudian theory, the superego contains thou shalts or moral standards internalized from interactions with significant others. Praise fosters internalization of desirable behaviors. The id is the center of basic instinctual drives, and the ego is the mediator. The ego is the problem-solving and reality-testing portion of the personality that negotiates solutions with the outside world. The preconscious is a level of awareness from which material can be easily retrieved with conscious effort.
6. A nurse supports parental praise of a child who is behaving in a helpful way. When the individual behaves with politeness and helpfulness in adulthood, which feeling will most likely result?
a. Guilt
b. Anxiety
c. Loneliness
d. Self-esteem
ANS: D The individual will be living up to the ego ideal, which will result in positive feelings about self. The other options are incorrect; each represents a negative feeling.
7. A patient comments, I never know the right answer and My opinion is not important. Using Eriksons theory, which psychosocial crisis did the patient have difficulty resolving?
a. Initiative versus Guilt
b. Trust versus Mistrust
c. Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt
d. Generativity versus Self-Absorption
ANS: C These statements show severe self-doubt, indicating that the crisis of gaining control over the environment is not being successfully met. Unsuccessful resolution of the crisis of Initiative versus Guilt results in feelings of guilt. Unsuccessful resolution of the crisis of Trust versus Mistrust results in poor interpersonal relationships and suspicion of others. Unsuccessful resolution of the crisis of Generativity versus Self- Absorption results in self- absorption that limits the ability to grow as a person.
8. Which patient statement would lead a nurse to suspect that the developmental task of infancy was not successfully completed?
a. I have very warm and close friendships.
b. Im afraid to let anyone really get to know me.
c. I am always right and confident about my decisions.
d. Im ashamed that I didnt do it correctly in the first place.
ANS: B According to Erikson, the developmental task of infancy is the development of trust. The patients statement that he or she is afraid of becoming acquainted with others clearly shows a lack of ability to trust other people. Having warm and close friendships suggests the developmental task of infancy was successfully completed. Believing one is always right suggests rigidity rather than mistrust. Feelings of shame suggest failure to resolve the crisis of Initiative versus Guilt.
9. A nurse assesses that a patient is suspicious and frequently manipulates others. Using the Freudian theory, these traits are related to which psychosexual stage?
a. Oral
b. Anal
c. Phallic
d. Genital
ANS: A According to Freud, each of the behaviors mentioned develops as the result of attitudes formed during the oral stage, when an infant first learns to relate to the environment. Anal stage traits include stinginess, stubbornness, orderliness, or their opposites. Phallic stage traits include flirtatiousness, pride, vanity, difficulty with authority figures, and difficulties with sexual identity. Genital stage traits include the ability to form satisfying sexual and emotional relationships with members of the opposite sex, emancipation from parents, and a strong sense of personal identity.
10. An adult expresses the wish to be taken care of and often behaves in a helpless fashion. This adult has needs related to which of Freuds stages of psychosexual development?
a. Latency
b. Phallic
c. Anal
d. Oral
ANS: D According to Freud, fixation at the oral stage sometimes produces dependent infantile behaviors in adults. Latency fixations often result in a difficulty identifying with others and developing social skills, resulting in a sense of inadequacy and inferiority. Phallic fixations result in having difficulty with authority figures and poor sexual identity. Anal fixation sometimes results in retentiveness, rigidity, messiness, destructiveness, and cruelty.
11. A nurse listens to a group of recent retirees. One says, I volunteer with Meals on Wheels, coach teen sports, and do church visitation. Another laughs and says, Im too busy taking care of myself to volunteer. I dont have time to help others. These comments contrast which developmental tasks?
a. Trust versus Mistrust
b. Industry versus Inferiority
c. Intimacy versus Isolation
d. Generativity versus Self-Absorption
ANS: D Both retirees are in middle adulthood, when the developmental crisis to be resolved is Generativity versus Self-Absorption. One exemplifies generativity; the other embodies self- absorption. The developmental crisis of Trust versus Mistrust would show a contrast between relating to others in a trusting fashion and being suspicious and lacking trust. Failure to negotiate the developmental crisis of Industry versus Inferiority would result in a sense of inferiority or difficulty learning and working as opposed to the ability to work competently. Behaviors that would be contrasted in the crisis of Intimacy versus Isolation would be emotional isolation and the ability to love and commit to oneself.
12. Cognitive therapy was provided for a patient who frequently said, I’m stupid. Which statement by the patient indicates the therapy was effective?
a. I’m disappointed in my lack of ability.
b. I always fail when I try new things.
c. Things always go wrong for me.
d. Sometimes I do stupid things.
ANS: D I’m stupid is a cognitive distortion or irrational thought. A more rational thought is, Sometimes I do stupid things. The latter thinking promotes emotional self-control. The incorrect options reflect irrational thinking.
13. A student nurse tells the instructor, I don’t need to interact with my patients. I learn what I need to know by observation. The instructor can best interpret the nursing implications of Sullivan’s theory to the student by responding:
a. Nurses cannot be isolated. We must interact to provide patients with opportunities to practice interpersonal skills.
b. Observing patient interactions can help you formulate priority nursing diagnoses and appropriate interventions.
c. I wonder how accurate your assessment of the patients needs can be if you do not interact with the patient.
d. Noting patient behavioral changes is important because these signify changes in personality.
ANS: A Sullivan believed that the nurses role includes educating patients and assisting them in developing effective interpersonal relationships. Mutuality, respect for the patient, unconditional acceptance, and empathy are cornerstones of Sullivans theory. The nurse who does not interact with the patient cannot demonstrate these cornerstones. Observations provide only objective data. Priority nursing diagnoses usually cannot be accurately established without subjective data from the patient. The third response pertains to Maslows theory. The fourth response pertains to behavioral theory.
14. A psychiatric technician says, Little of what takes place on the behavioral health unit seems to be theory based. A nurse educates the technician by identifying which common use of Sullivans theory?
a. Structure of the therapeutic milieu of most behavioral health units
b. Frequent use of restraint and seclusion for behavior modification
c. Assessment tools based on age- appropriate versus arrested behaviors
d. Use of the nursing process to determine the best sequence for nursing actions
ANS: A The structure of the therapeutic environment has, as its foci, an accepting atmosphere and provision of opportunities for practicing interpersonal skills. Both constructs are directly attributable to Sullivans theory of interpersonal relationships. Sullivans interpersonal theory did not specifically consider the use of restraint or seclusion. Assessment based on the developmental level is associated with Eriksons theories. The nursing process applies concepts from multiple theories.
15. A nurse uses Maslows hierarchy of needs to plan care for a psychotic patient. Which problem will receive priority? The patient:
a. refuses to eat or bathe.
b. reports feelings of alienation from family.
c. is reluctant to participate in unit social activities.
d. needs to be taught about medication action and side effects.
ANS: A The need for food and hygiene is physiological and therefore takes priority over psychological or meta- needs in care planning.
16. Operant conditioning will be used to encourage speech in a child who is nearly mute. Which technique would a nurse include in the treatment plan?
a. Ignore the child for using silence.
b. Have the child observe others talking.
c. Give the child a small treat for speaking.
d. Teach the child relaxation techniques, then coax speech.
ANS: C Operant conditioning involves giving positive reinforcement for a desired behavior. Treats are rewards to reinforce speech. Ignoring the child will not change the behavior. Having the child observe others describes modeling. Teaching relaxation techniques and then coaxing speech is an example of systematic desensitization.
17. The parent of a child diagnosed with schizophrenia tearfully asks a nurse, What could I have done differently to prevent this illness? Select the nurses most caring response.
a. Although schizophrenia is caused by impaired family relationships, try not to feel guilty. No one can predict how a child will respond to parental guidance.
b. Most of the damage is done, but there is still hope. Changing your parenting style can help your child learn to cope more effectively with the environment.
c. Schizophrenia is a biological illness with similarities to diabetes and heart disease. You are not to blame for your child’s illness.
d. Most mental illnesses result from genetic inheritance. Your genes are more at fault than your parenting. ANS: C Patients and families need reassurance that the major mental disorders are biological in origin and are not the fault of parents. Knowing the biological nature of the disorder relieves feelings of guilt over being responsible for the illness. The incorrect responses are neither wholly accurate nor reassuring; they fall short of being reassuring and place the burden of having faulty genes on the shoulders of the parents.
18. A nurse uses Peplaus interpersonal therapy while working with an anxious, withdrawn patient. Interventions should focus on:
a. changing the patients perceptions about self.
b. improving the patients interactional skills.
c. using medications to relieve anxiety.
d. reinforcing specific behaviors.
ANS: B The nurse-patient relationship is structured to provide a model for adaptive interpersonal relationships that can be generalized to others. Changing the patients perceptions about his- or herself would be appropriate for cognitive therapy. Reinforcing specific behaviors would be used in behavioral therapy. Using medications is the focus of biological therapy.
19. A patient underwent psychotherapy weekly for 3 years. The therapist used free association, dream analysis, and facilitated transference to help the patient understand unconscious processes and foster personality changes. Which type of therapy was used?
a. Short-term dynamic psychotherapy
b. Transactional analysis
c. Cognitive therapy
d. Psychoanalysis
ANS: D The therapy described is traditional psychoanalysis. Short-term dynamic psychotherapy would last less than 1 year. Neither transactional analysis nor cognitive therapy makes use of the techniques described.
20. An advanced practice nurse determines a group of patients would benefit from therapy in which peers and interdisciplinary staff all have a voice in determining the level of the patients privileges. The nurse would arrange for:
a. milieu therapy
b. cognitive therapy
c. short-term dynamic therapy
d. systematic desensitization
ANS: A Milieu therapy is based on the idea that all members of the environment contribute to the planning and functioning of the setting. The other therapies are all individual therapies that do not fit the description.
21. A nurse psychotherapist works with an anxious, dependent patient. The therapeutic strategy most consistent with the framework of psychoanalytic psychotherapy is: a. emphasizing medication compliance.
b. identifying the patients strengths and assets.
c. offering psychoeducational materials and groups.
d. focusing on feelings developed by the patient toward the nurse.
ANS: D Positive or negative feelings of the patient toward the nurse or therapist represent transference. Transference is a psychoanalytic concept that can be used to explore previously unresolved conflicts.
Emphasizing medication compliance is more related to biological therapy. Identifying patient strengths and assets would be consistent with supportive psychotherapy. The use of psychoeducational materials is a common homework assignment used in cognitive therapy.
22. A person tells a nurse, I was the only survivor in a small plane crash, but three business associates died. I got anxious and depressed and saw a counselor three times a week for a month. We talked about my feelings
related to being a survivor, and now Im fine, back to my old self. Which type of therapy was used?
a. Milieu therapy
b. Psychoanalysis
c. Behavior modification
d. Interpersonal therapy
ANS: D Interpersonal therapy returns the patient to the former level of functioning by helping the patient come to terms with the loss of friends and guilt over being a survivor. Milieu therapy refers to environmental therapy. Psychoanalysis calls for a long period of exploration of unconscious material. Behavior modification focuses on changing a behavior rather than helping the patient understand what is going on in his or her life.
23. A cognitive strategy a nurse could use to assist a very dependent patient would be to help the patient: a. reveal dream content.
b. take prescribed medications.
c. examine thoughts about being autonomous.
d. role model ways to ask for help from others.
ANS: C Cognitive theory suggests that ones thought processes are the basis of emotions and behavior. Changing faulty learning makes the development of new adaptive behaviors possible. Revealing dream content would be used in psychoanalytical therapy. Taking prescribed medications is an intervention associated with biological therapy. A dependent patient needs to develop independence.
24. A single parent is experiencing feelings of inadequacy related to work and family since one teenaged child ran away several weeks ago. The parent seeks the help of a therapist specializing in cognitive therapy. The psychotherapist who uses cognitive therapy will treat the patient by: a. discussing ego states.
b. focusing on unconscious mental processes.
c. negatively reinforcing an undesirable behavior.
d. helping the patient identify and change faulty thinking.
ANS: D Cognitive therapy emphasizes the importance of changing erroneous ways people think about themselves. Once faulty thinking changes, the individuals behavior changes. Focusing on unconscious mental processes is a psychoanalytic approach. Negatively reinforcing undesirable behaviors is behavior modification, and discussing ego states relates to transactional analysis.
25. A person received an invitation to be in the wedding of a friend who lives across the country. The individual is afraid of flying. What type of therapy should the nurse recommend?
a. Psychoanalysis
b. Milieu therapy
c. Systematic desensitization d. Short-term dynamic therapy ANS: C
Systematic desensitization is a type of therapy aimed at extinguishing a specific behavior, such as the fear of flying. Psychoanalysis and short-term dynamic therapy are aimed at uncovering conflicts. Milieu therapy involves environmental factors.
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