NURS 190 FINAL EXAM 2022/2023
190 Final Exam
1. Acne etiology: no known cause, during adolescence, both the sweat glands and the oil glands increase
... [Show More] their production, increased production of sebum by the oil glands predisposes adolescents to develop acne.
2. Prioritizing assessment methods- inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation:
• Inspection – patient in supine position, mall pillow placed beneath head & knees, exposing the abdomen, drape the patient’s pubic area and legs.
• Auscultation – is to begin in the RLQ and then proceed through each of the remaining
quadrants with diaphragm of stethoscope. (normal sounds are irregular, gurgling, and high pitched, occurring 5-30 times per minute – borborygmi (stomach growling) is normal finding.
• Percussion – tapping of the abdomen in various areas starting in RLQ then all remaining quadrants, percussion over abdomen produces tympany, dullness is heard over the liver and spleen, resonance is heard over rib cage.
• Palpation – light touch & then light pressure to explore the abdomen, deep palpation – used to palpate organs that lie deep within body cavity like kidney, liver, spleen or with overlying musculature or obese patients.
3. Typical lung sounds of asthma, chf, pneumonia patients:
• Asthma – wheezing, high pitched, continuous
• Congestive heart failure – crackles, fine-high pitched, short, crackling
• Pneumonia – rales or crackles, coarse-loud, moist, low pitched, bubbling
4. Physical signs of sinus infection: if breathing is noisy or a discharge is present indicates obstruction or infection, if mucosa is swollen and red may have upper respiratory infection, pain indicates allergies or infection.
5. ABCDE rule of skin lesion – refers to size, shape, color, diameter and change in lesions. A – asymmetry
B – border irregularity C – color variegation
D – diameter greater than 6 mm E – evolving changes
6. Abnormal infant skin conditions to be reported:
• Jaundice – yellowing of the skin, sclera, & mucous membranes. Occurs within 24 hours of birth or as late as 7 days postnatally.
• Contact dermatitis – inflammation of skin due to allergy from soaps, detergents etc.
causing intense itching.
• Eczema – inflammation of skin causing red papules & vesicles that ooze &weep, cause intense itching. Can occur anywhere on body starting at 3 – 4 months.
• Vernix caseosa – white cheeselike mixture of sebum and epidermal cells. Skin is covered
at birth.
• Milia – areas of tiny white facial paules due to sebum that collects in openings of hair follicles. [Show Less]