NUR2392 MULTIDIMENSIONAL CARE II
EXAM 2 WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
Uncompensated - ANS-pH and one other value is abnormal
Partial
... [Show More] compensation - ANS-pH, CO2, and HCO3 are all off
Stomatitis - ANS-painful inflammation within the oral cavity, occurring in single or multiple areas.
The inflammation erodes the protective lining of the mouth.
stomatitis risk - ANS-patient with viral infections, use of tobacco, consuming irritating foods or
chemicals, chemotherapy, or radiation.
Candidiasis - ANS-Fungal infection resulting from overgrowth of Candida albicans, a normal flora.
Can occur in patients on antibiotics, steroids, radiation treatments, or antirejection medications.
Full compensation - ANS-pH is normal
Acidosis - ANS-reduces the excitability of cardiovascular muscle, neurons, skeletal muscle, and smooth
muscle.
Alkalosis - ANS-increases the sensitivity of excitable tissues allowing them to OVERRESPOND without
stimulation
ABG considerations - ANS-- Assess cardiovascular w/ acidosis (cardiac arrest from hyperkalemia)
- Assess neuro status
- Fall precautions
Bicarb HC03 - ANS-kidney compensation (slow and powerful)
Respiratory PaC02 - ANS-Respiratory compensation (fast but limited)
Metabolic acidosis causes - ANS-DKA, Starvation, diarrhea, kidney failure, dehydration, liver failure,
pancreatitis, heavy exercise, seizure activity, fever, hypoxia, ischemia, ethanol/methanol intoxication
Metabolic acidosis signs and symptoms - ANS-bradycardia, hypotension, thready pulse, CNS depression,
hyporeflexia, kussmal resp (with resp compensation), warm, flushed, dry skin.
Metabolic acidosis treatment - ANS-hydration and medication to treat underlying problems (DKA - give
insulin).
Metabolic alkalosis causes - ANS-antacids, blood transfusion, sodium bicarbonate, total parenteral
nutrition (TPN), prolonged vomiting, nasogastric suctioning, hypercortisolism, hyperaldosteronism,
Loop/Thiazide diuretics.
Metabolic Alkalosis s/s - ANS-anxiety, irritability, tetany, seizures, POSITIVE CHVOSTEK, POSITIVE
TROUSSEAU, parathesis, hyperreflexia, muscle cramping/twitching, skeletal muscle weakness,
Tachycardia, norm/low BP, increased Digoxin toxicity, decreased respiratory effort (muscle weakness).
metabolic alkalosis treatment - ANS-restore fluid/electrolyte imbalances
Respiratory acidosis cause - ANS-Opioids, anesthetics, electrolyte imbalance, inadequate chest
expansion, muscle weakness, airway obstruction, alveolar-capillary block.
Respiratory acidosis s/s - ANS-bradycardia, hypotension, thready pulse, CNS depression, hyporeflexia,
ineffective respirations, pale-to-cyanotic dry skin.
Respiratory acidosis treatment - ANS-(Assess airway) Improve gas exchange, drug therapy
(bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory), oxygen therapy (lowest flow possible), ventilation.
Respiratory alkalosis cause - ANS-Hyperventilation (fear, anxiety), mechanical ventilation, salicylate
toxicity, high altitudes, early-stage acute pulmonary issues.
respiratory alkalosis s/s - ANS-anxiety, irritability, tetany, seizures, POSITIVE CHVOSTEK, POSITIVE
TROUSSEAU (hypocalcemia), parathesis, hyperreflexia, muscle cramping/twitching, skeletal muscle
weakness, Tachycardia, norm/low BP, increased Digoxin toxicity, hyperventilation
respiratory alkalosis treatment - ANS-restore fluid/electrolyte imbalances
How do acid/base imbalances affect electrolytes - ANS-- Potassium levels increase in acidosis as the
body attempts to maintain electroneutrality during buffering.
- Potassium is elevated in acute respiratory acidosis and normal/low in chronic respiratory acidosis when
kidney compensation is present
- Alkalosis = hypocalcemia and hypokalemia
- Acidosis = HYPERkalemia
alkalosis - ANS-hypocalcemia and hypokalemia
acidosis - ANS-HYPERkalemia
Upper GI consists of - ANS-mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
Barret's Epithelium - ANS-premalignant; columnar epithelium that develops in lower esophagus
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (dumping syndrome) - ANS-happens in PT with gastrectomy, from rapid
emptying of food contents into the small intestine.
Dumping syndrome S/S - ANS-nausea, distension, cramping pains, diarrhea within 15 minutes after
eating [Show Less]