1. The nurse is aware that any description of health would include the concept that:
a. health is the absence of illness, and illness is the presence of
... [Show More] chronic disease.
b. culture, education, and socioeconomic status influence one’s definition of health or illness.
c. illness is a biologic malfunction, and health is biologic soundness.
d. lifestyle factors are the major determinant of health or illness.
ANS: B
The concept of health is influenced by culture, education, and socioeconomic factors.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 15 OBJ: Theory #1 TOP: Views of Health and Illness KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early detection of disease
2. The nurse takes into consideration that the patient with an admitting diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and influenza is described as having:
a. two chronic illnesses.
b. two acute illnesses.
c. one chronic and one acute illness.
d. one acute and one infectious illness.
ANS: C
Chronic illnesses are those that develop slowly over a long period and last throughout a lifetime. Acute illnesses develop suddenly and resolve in a short time. Type 2 diabetes mellitus would be considered chronic, whereas influenza would be considered acute.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 15 OBJ: Theory #1 TOP: Classification of Illnesses KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early detection of disease
3. The nurse explains that an idiopathic disease is one that:
a. is caused by inherited characteristics.
b. develops suddenly, related to new viruses.
c. results from injury during labor or delivery.
d. has an unknown cause.
ANS: D
Idiopathic disease is defined as disease whose cause is unknown.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 13 OBJ: Theory #1 TOP: Classification of Illnesses KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: prevention and early detection of disease
4. The nurse assesses a terminal illness in a:
a. 76 year old admitted to a nursing home with Alzheimer’s disease who is pacing and asking to go home.
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b. 43 year old with Lou Gehrig’s disease who is refusing food and fluid.
c. 2 year old child who burned her esophagus by drinking drain cleaner and who is being fed by a tube.
d. 52 year old diagnosed with lung cancer who had part of one lung removed and has a closed chest drainage device in place.
ANS: B
A terminal illness is defined as one in which a person will live only a few months, weeks, or days. A person who refuses food and hydration will generally not live more than a few days.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 13 OBJ: Theory #1 TOP: Stages of Illness KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: physiological adaptation
5. The nurse clarifies to a patient who now has an abscess following a ruptured appendix that the abscess is considered to be:
a. a secondary illness.
b. a life threatening complication.
c. an expected event following any surgery.
d. a disorder easily treated with antibiotics.
ANS: A
A secondary illness is an illness that arises from a primary disorder.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 13 OBJ: Theory #1 TOP: Views of Health and Illness KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: physiological adaptation
6. The nurse uses a diagram to demonstrate how Dunn’s theory of health and illness can be compared with a:
a. plant that grows from a seed, blossoms, wilts, and dies.
b. continuum, with peak wellness and death at opposite ends; the person moves back and forth in a dynamic state of change.
c. ladder; from birth to death the individual moves progressively downward a ladder to eventual death.
d. state of mind dependent on the individual perception of their own health or illness.
ANS: B
Dunn’s theory of a health continuum shows how an individual moves between peak wellness and death in a constant process.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 14 OBJ: Theory #1 TOP: Views of Health and Illness KEY: Nursing Process Step: Intervention MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: physiological adaptation
7. A patient has been advised by the physician to take medication for high cholesterol and to change eating habits after discharge home. The home health nurse discovered that the patient refused to follow the medical and nutritional directions. The nurse’s best initial response to this situation is to:
a. emphasize to the patient how important it is to follow the doctor’s advice.
b. determine whether any cultural, socioeconomic, or religious values conflict, thus interfering with the patient’s compliance.
c. explain that without diet and medication the condition will worsen and serious problems will develop.
d. inform the physician that the patient is unable to understand the instructions.
ANS: B
The patient may have cultural, socioeconomic, or religious values that cause conflicts that prevent her from following the doctor’s instructions.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 15 OBJ: Theory #5 TOP: Concepts of Health and Illness | Cultural Influences
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Psychological Integrity: coping and adaptation
8. A nurse practicing a holistic approach to nursing care must:
a. recognize that a change in one aspect of the person’s life can alter the whole of that person’s life.
b. take responsibility for health care decisions.
c. promote state of the art technology.
d. discourage the use of more natural remedies and alternative methods of health care.
ANS: A
Holistic nursing requires that the nurse recognize that a change in one aspect of the patient’s life (biological, sociological, psychological, and spiritual) will bring about changes in that patient’s whole life.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 17 OBJ: Theory #6 TOP: Holistic Approach to Caring KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: N/A
9. According to Maslow’s hierarchy, physiological needs are those that:
a. nurture intimacy.
b. foster independence.
c. encourage social interaction.
d. are essential to human life.
ANS: D
Physiological needs are those that are essential to human life, such as oxygenation, nutrition, and elimination.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 17 OBJ: Theory #7 TOP: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A
10. The factors involved in assessing the importance the patient attaches to the relief of a particular deficit include:
a. needs that the nurse must assess to prioritize care, because they may be different from person to person.
b. ordering needs according to Maslow’s hierarchy, with lower level needs being least compelling.
c. needs based on a hierarchy in which higher level needs are more prominent and demand attention before lower level needs.
d. needs that are usually not known to the patient and that must be determined by the nurse.
ANS: A
A person’s concern relative to a needs deficit must be assessed by the nurse to meet the needs of each patient. Needs are viewed differently from one person to the next. [Show Less]