2. Medication safety organizations - ANSWER-The Institute for Safe MedicationPractices (ISMP) The Institute of Medicine (IOM) The Joint Commission The
... [Show More] NationalCoordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCC MERP) Foodand Drug Administration (FDA) Safe Use InitiativeTwo basic type of ADRS: - ANSWER-pharmacological and idiosyncratic.85% to 90% of ADRS - ANSWER-are pharmacological.Adverse drug reactions are usually preventable, - ANSWER-frequently occur in ahospital or nursing home setting, and include medication errors, adverse drug effects,and allergic idiosyncratic type reactions.ADRS are not commonly reported; - ANSWER-the FDA does not mandate that ADRSbe reported.Polypharmacy - ANSWER-involves using multiple health care providers for care, usingmultiple medications, and using several pharmacies prescription filling.Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIS): - ANSWER-lisinopril, captopril,enalapril, ramipril, benazepril, fosinopril.ACEIS reduce blood pressure enzyme. - ANSWER-by suppressing the release ofangiotensin-converting enzyme.Important side effects of ACE inhibitors - ANSWER-Important include cough andangioedema; discontinue the ACEI if angioedema occurs.Angiotensin II receptor blocking agents (ARBS): - ANSWER-Icandesartan (Atacand),eprosartan (Teveten), irbesartan (Avapro), losartan (Cozaar), telmisartan (Micardis) andvalsartan (Diovan).ARBS reduce blood pressure - ANSWER-by blocking angiotensin II receptors.Essential (primary) hypertension - ANSWER-Essential (primary) accounts for 90% ofcases; secondary hypertension may caused by chronic renal failure.Nitroglycerin - ANSWER-Nitroglycerin is a nitrate drug that can be administered IV, SL,a topical ointment and as a transdermal patch.Nitrates are contraindicated - ANSWER-with PDE-5 inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil andvardenafil)Amiodarone is the antiarrhythmic - ANSWER-Of choice when there is coexisting heartfailure; can cause thyroid and pulmonary toxicity. [Show Less]