NUR 3420 Drug Therapy for Dyslipidemia
The most common adverse effects of lovastatin include which of the following?
a) Increased appetite and blood
... [Show More] pressure b) Headache and flatulence
c) Hiccups, sinus congestion, and dizziness
d) Fatigue and mental disorientation
Rationale: The most common adverse effects of statins include GI symptoms (including nausea, constipation, flatulence, and abdominal pain), headache, and muscle aches.
These effects are usually mild and transient.
The pharmacology instructor is discussing medications used in the treatment of dyslipidemia. Which of the following drug classes would the instructor identify as the most widely used dyslipidemia drugs?
a) Niacin
b) Bile acid sequestrants
c) HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
d) Fibrates
Rationale: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (or statins) are the most widely used dyslipidemia drugs. They are useful in treating most of the major types of dyslipidemia.
The most common adverse effects of lovastatin (Mevacor) include which of the following?
a) Nausea, flatulence, and constipation
b) Increased appetite and blood pressure
c) Fatigue and mental disorientation
d) Hiccups, sinus congestion, and dizziness
Rationale: Gastrointestinal problems such as nausea, vomiting, flatulence, constipation, or diarrhea can occur with lovastatin. Options B, C, and D are not the most common adverse effects of lovastatin.
Statin drugs help lower cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides by which of the following mechanisms? Select all that apply:
a) Decreasing absorption of cholesterol from the GI tract.
b) Promoting the breakdown of cholesterol.
c) Increasing the storage of cholesterol as fat.
d) Decreasing the breakdown of fat to cholesterol. e) Inhibiting the manufacturing of cholesterol.
Which of the following activities increases high-density lipoproteins?
a) Regular aerobic exercise
b) Weight loss
c) Smoking cessation d) All of these
A patient has been prescribed atorvastatin (Lipitor) comes to the clinic with complaints of acute muscle pain not associated with exercise or injury, which indicates potential rhabdomyolysis. The nurse knows that the use of atorvastatin with which of the following products places the patient at risk for rhabdomyolysis?
a) Grapefruit juice consumption
b) Over-the-counter (OTC) drug use
c) Use of ginseng
d) Use of saw palmetto
Your patient, a 37-year-old woman with moderately elevated lipid levels, requests immediate pharmacotherapy for her dyslipidemia. You explain that a period of intensive diet therapy and lifestyle modification will be utilized before drug therapy is considered. You explain the rationale for this regimen as:
a) Therapeutic lifestyle changes are the preferred method for lowering blood lipids.
b) Continued therapeutic lifestyle changes during drug therapy will guarantee success.
c) Therapeutic lifestyle changes work only when used in conjunction with medications.
d) None of the above.
You are caring for a patient who has been prescribed lovastatin to control her blood lipid levels. While teaching her about the medication, you should caution her against consuming large amounts of
a) grapefruit juice.
b) high-fiber food.
c) water.
d) orange juice.
Your patient asks you what will the atorvastatin (Lipitor) they are prescribed do for them. What is an expected outcome for this patient?
a) Decrease in serum cholesterol and LDL levels
b) Decrease in sitosterol and serum cholesterol
c) Decrease in serum cholesterol only
d) Decrease in camperterol and LDL levels
A nurse is caring for a patient taking a cholestyramine drug. What instructions should the nurse give to this patient to prevent constipation?
a) Take water-soluble form of vitamin A.
b) Have a complete liquid diet. c) Eat foods high in dietary fiber.
d) Have complete bed rest. [Show Less]