NUR 2474 / NUR2474 PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
What would you expect to have ordered if patient has absent BS, distension, and
constipation
o
... [Show More] Stimulant laxative [GROUP II]
o *Assessment – NO BM x 3 days or more and Abdomen distension, firmness,
absence of bowel sounds – will require KUB
Side effects of Ondansetron: headaches, diarrhea, dizziness, serotonin syndrome, QT
prolongation
Diuretics uses and monitoring
o Used for: HTN tx, mobilizing edema fluid, prevent renal failure
o Potassium wasting diuretics: monitor serum levels of potassium
o Thiazides: monitor renal function, such as BUN and creatinine, do not give is
elevated, HCTZ can decrease K levels
o Potassium sparing diuretics: monitor K levels, if above 5, discontinue med
Hypertension and medications OTC to avoid
o An increase in the blood pressure such that the systolic pressure is >140mm/Hg and the
diastolic is >90mm/Hg.
o Untreated HTN can lead to heart disease, kidney disease, stroke, etc.
o Tx with diuretics, BB, CCB, RAAS inhibitors, ACE
o High Sodium diet can lead to Fluid retention
o *Avoid OTC cough and cold medications, Sympathomimetics with HTN
Inhaled medications patient education and administration for Asthma and COPD
• ***Drug therapy does not slow the progression of the disease**
• MDI Inhaler w spacer
o 1-2 puffs Q4 PRN: **Wait 1 full minute in between puffs. **
o Must inhale prior to activating device
• DRY powder inhaler: twice daily: **Must rinse mouth out after use to
prevent oral Thrush (candidiasis)**
• Glucocorticoids will increase sugar levels
• Corticosteroids
o Monitor patients for signs of infection (e.g: prednisone)
• Adverse Effects for INHALED glucocorticoids:
o Taper off slowly to prevent Addison’s Disease (too little steroid) *****
o Long term side effect is Cushings (too much steroid)
▪ Adrenal suppression
▪ Oral Candidiasis / Thrush
▪ Dysphonia (hoarseness)
▪ Slow growth in children
▪ Bone loss (long-term use)
o Advair – Combination of Fluticasone and Salmeterol (Glucocorticoid and beta
blocker combination), used to prevent exacerbations
▪ Has immune suppression effects
• SABA (Albuterol) : causes bronchodilation- Inhaled administration = short or long
acting (MDI, Dry powered – can also cause thrush, nebulizer)
o Education:
▪ *Begins to work immediately, peak in 30-60 min, and lasts 3-5 hours –
Because of this it cannot be used for prolonged prophylaxis
▪ *Should wait One minute between puffs
▪ SE: increased BP and HR, everything SPEEDS UP, adrenergic effect
• Anticholinergic Drugs [Ipratropium- inhaled] – Relieves bronchospasm and prevents
bronchoconstriction
o Education:
▪ *Comes in MDI or nebulizer
▪ *can be used alone or in combination with albuterol
▪ SE: dry mouth, increased intraocular pressure, MI, death, stroke
• Intranasal Glucocorticoids - Most effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of
seasonal and perennial rhinitis
o Education:
▪ Available OTC
▪ Greater benefit when taken daily vs PRN
▪ Adrenal suppression (Addisons) is of greatest concern
▪ Take Albuterol first to help open the airway
Asthma Exacerbation emergency treatments
• Emergency treatment of Asthma and COPD Exacerbation ***
o Albuterol/ipratropium (DuoNeb)
o Oxygen
o Glucocortocoids [IM or IV]
• SABA (Albuterol - rescue MDI) = FIRST-LINE DRU [Show Less]