NUR 242 Advanced Exam 4 Complete study guide|Galen College of Nursing.Immune: protects against infection and cancer development. Hypersensitivity is an
... [Show More] allergy,
which is an increased or excessive response to an antigen. Responses can be uncomfortable
such as itchy and water eyes, and sneezing. Or they can be life threatening such as allergic
asthma and anaphylaxis.
Rapid Hypersensitivity Reaction aka: Atopic Allergy including a histamine release.
- Reactions: sneezing, water/itchy eyes, widespread vasodilation, and bronchospasms.
- TX: prioritize.
Cytoxic Reaction: autoantibodies are directed against the host (autoimmune).
- Examples: anemia, ITP, transfusion reactions, and good pasture’s syndrome.
- TX: plasmapheresis.
Immune Complex Reaction: lodge in small vessels causing inflammation and vessel damage.
- Examples: rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, vasculitis, glomerulonephritis.
- S/S: fever, achy joints, rashes, and malaise.
Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions: no antibody involvement.
- Example: poison ivy, PPD, and transplant rejection.
- TX: remove antigen, Benadryl, and corticosteroids.
Stimulating Reaction: normal cells are turned auto antibody. “Out of control cell.”
- Example: Grave’s disease
- TX: get rid of responding tissues.
Autoimmunity: immune response against healthy cells.
- Examples: lyme disease, lupus, scleroderma, fibromyalgia, and HIV/AIDS.
Lyme disease: from a tick and can cause arthritis. Quick treatment can cure.
- Stage 1: Localized. 1-30 days. Flu-like symptoms, bull’s eye rash, headache, pain and
stiffness in surrounding joints.
- Stage 2: Hits the blood stream. 2-12 weeks. Migrating pain, heart palpitations, facial
palsy, meningitis, radioculonephritis, and encephalitis.
- Stage 3: Will never recover. Months – years. Disabling. Paraparesis, polyneuropathy,
encephalopathy, panic attacks, and arthritis.
- Prevention: Wear protective clothing = hat, long sleeves and pants, sock tucked in, and
wear light colors. Use sprays like DEET, and permethrin.
- TX: vaccinations, antibiotics. (doxycycline, amoxicillin, and ceftriaxone)
Lupus Erythematosus: attack of healthy cells.
- Common in women, African and Asian, and 15-40 years.
- Types: Discoid effects the skin. Systemic everything = inflammation cascade. Effects
connective tissue in the heart, lungs, and kidneys, Lupus nephritis = death.
- S/S: butterfly rash on face, mouth sores, fever (exacerbation 1st s/s), fatigue, hair loss,
sunlight sensitivity, and myositis. Slide 21 for more specifics. [Show Less]