NUR 239 / Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapeutics in Nursing I Guided Note (Antibiotics)
NUR 239/Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapeutics in Nursing I
... [Show More] Guided Note Antibiotics
Complete the following study guide for your own note taking
beta-lactamases:
• cross-allergenicity: occurs when the proteins in one substance are like the proteins in another. As
a result, the immune system sees them as the same. In the case of food allergies, cross-reactivity can occur between one food and another. Cross-reactivity can also happen between pollen and foods or latex and foods.
• extended spectrum: antibiotic is one that, as a result of chemical modification, affects additional types of bacteria, usually those that are gram-negative.
o Carbenicillin–gram-,especiallypseudomonas
• superinfection: New/secondary infections due to disruption in normal flora or growth of resistant
Frandsen Chapter 19:
• concentration-dependent bactericidal effect: As the drug concentration decreases, the rate
of bactericidal activity will decrease. Higher doses of the drug will increase not only the rate of reduction of bacteria but also the length of time of drug exposure to bactericidal concentrations.
• ototoxicity: the property of being toxic to the ear (oto-), specifically the cochlea or auditory nerve and sometimes the vestibular system, for example, as a side effect of a drug. The effects of ototoxicity can be reversible and temporary, or irreversible and permanent
• post antibiotic effect: Ability to continue killing MOs at low serum concentrations
• extended-interval dosing: Multiple daily doses – every 6 hours, every 8 hours, every 12 hours
• peak and trough levels:
o Peak = maximum amount in blood 30 – 60 minutes after dose o Trough = lowest amount in blood, draw before dose
Key Learning Objectives – Complete the tables for each medication listed. Be concise, such as, what are the 3-5 top adverse effects or nursing implications. We will focus on the Prototypes and key drugs from these chapters. I have completed the first one for you.
Chapter 18
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Chapter 19
NUR 239/Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapeutics in Nursing I Guided Note Antibiotics
Complete the following study guide for your own note taking
Beta-Lactam Antibacterial Agents
Ampicillin
(Prototype for Penicillins)
Cefazolin (Prototype)
Action
Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one/multiple penicillin-binding proteins.
Bactericidal action, broad-spectrum, inhibits cell wall synthesis
Use
Broad spectrum activity for endocarditis, skin, soft tissue, respiratory, GI, GU infections.
Treats Gram + and Gram –
Surgical prophylaxis (First Generation)
Respiratory, skin, GU, bone, joint, blood infections
Adverse Effects
Most common: hypersensitivity or allergic reaction.
Common: GI.
Infrequent: Nephropathy, hepatotoxicity, CNS symptoms (confusion, lethargy, twitching, dysphagia, seizures, coma)
Black box warning- cardiopulmonary arrest/death if give IM med thru IV route.
CNS: SEIZURES (HIGH DOSES) GI: CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE- ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA (CDAD), diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, cramps
Derm: STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME, rash, pruritis, urticaria Hemat: leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
Local: pain at IM site, phlebitis at IV site
Misc: allergic reactions including anaphylaxis and serum sickness, superinfection [Show Less]