NUR 210, 242 - Exam 4 Study Guide (100% correct).
Exam 4
Intro to antibiotics Antibacterial & Antimicrobials
Inhibit bacterial growth or kill the
... [Show More] bacteria and microorganisms
Antibacterial drugs may be used with other mechanisms to eliminate the infecting bacteria. For example, surgical procedures, dressing changes may also be performed along w/ the administration of an antibacterial agent
Antibiotics
Chemical produced by one kind of microorganisms that inhibit or kill another Antibacterials and antibacterial drugs
Antibacterials have the help of the bodys natural defenses that help kill the bacteria as
well
Factors that impact immune function are: Age
Nutrition Immunoglobulins Circulation, WBCs Organ function
Antibacterial drugs have a different mechanism of action Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis Alteration of membrane permeability
Inhibition of protein synthesis
Inhibition of synthesis of bacterial RNA and DNA Interference with metabolism within the cell
Indications for antibiotics Prophylactic use
Pts undergoing surgery STI exposure
Prior to dental/procedures for pts at risk for prosthetic infection (heart valve, hip
replacement)
Recurrent UTIs
Antibiotic mild allergic reaction Rash, pruritus, hives
Antibiotic severe allergy: anaphylactic shock
Bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, difficulty breathing, vascular collapse, cardiac arrest (emergency-stop antibiotic immediately)
Antibiotic superinfection
Secondary infection that occurs due to the unbalanced normal flora in the body.
Antibiotics disrupt the normal microbial flora that is in the body Usually occurs with longer antibiotic therapy
Mouth respiratory tract, intestine, genitourinary tract, and skin
Symptoms: stomatitis (mouth ulcers), genital discharge, anal, or genital itching, thrush. Prevent by restoring normal flora- buttermilk, yogurt, probiotics
Antibiotics organ toxicity
Antibacterial may damage liver or kidneys which involved in the metabolism and excretion of the drug
Nephrotoxicity Hepatotoxicity Ototoxicity
Close monitoring is necessary Antibiotics cdiff
Antibiotics kill normal flora in GI tract which allows an overgrowth of cdiff
Bacterial toxins cause injury and inflammation of the GI mucosa, causing abd. Cramping and severe diarrhea
Important for pts to understand when they should contact their provider Penicillin
Classification
Penicillin (cousin to cephalosporins) PCN
Generic names end in “cillin Amoxicillin Ampicillin
Penicillin
Action
Interferes with cell wall of bacteria
Indications
Infections of
Joints Skin
Soft tissue Respiratory tract Urinary tract
Side effects
Gi disturbances (n/v/d [Show Less]