NUR 2063 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 GUARANTEED PASS
Explain Resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome - the activity of the Parasympathetic
... [Show More] Nervous system and the endocrine system to return the body to homeostasis. The body should ultimately adapt to the stressor.
Explain the exhaustion stage of general adaptation syndrome - Occurs when the stressor is not removed or overcome in the body. The body can no longer return to homeostasis after prolonged exposure to stressor. It causes the body to be depleted and damaged that can lead to disease or death.
What complications can occur if stressors are not resolved from general adaptation syndrome? - disease can occur physically and mentally, such as anxiety, depression, headaches, insomnia, infection, and heart disease.
Name the hormones released during alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome - Corticotrophin releasing hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, catecholamines( norepinephrine and epinephrine) and cortisol
Explain the Role of corticotrophin releasing hormone in alarm stage - activates the sympathetic nervous system and adrenocorticotropic hormone.
Explain the role of norepinephrine during alarm stage - helps to slow down certain organs such as the GI and GU systems to prepare the body for fight or flight.
Explain the role of epinephrine during alarm stage - Stimulates the fight or flight response by increasing heart rate, bronchodilation of the lungs to increase respirations and amount of air let in, dilates pupils to let more light in, stimulates more glucose to be released.
Explain the role of cortisol during alarm stage - released by ACTH reaching the adrenal cortex, this allows for more energy creation to increase glucose and to reduce inflammation. Suppresses the immune system.
Explain the symptoms of a sympathetic nervous system response - Pupils dilate, salivation inhibited, increase in HR, bronchodilation of airway, increased respirations, glucose release, inhibit GI/GU.
Explain the symptoms of a parasympathetic nervous system response - Pupils constrict, salivation occurs, decreased HR, bronchoconstriction, decreased respiration, GI/GU systems resume action.
role of nucleus - control center of the cell, where DNA and genes are stored, produces mRNA to help build body proteins. Can have 1 or more (liver cells), or none (RBCs).
role of mitochondria - Powerhouse of the cell. Provides energy in ATP, and has its own set of DNA.
Role of ribosome - produces RNA to produce proteins through transcriptions of DNA and translation of RNA into a protein. Can be floating or attached to the Rough ER.
Role of lysosomes - helps breakdown and digest dead cells, organelles, or tissues.
Role of rough ER - folded membranes that move proteins around the cell. Has ribosomes attached to it and helps produce proteins for the cell membranes.
role of smooth ER - ribosomes not attached to smooth ER, helps in the Liver and kidney cells to detoxify, lipid metabolism, synthesis of hormones, and calcium storage.
Role of peroxisome - membrane cells that contain oxidase and catalase to detoxify harmful chemicals, breakdown hydrogen peroxide and filter metabolic wastes.
Role of Golgi body - stacked membranes that act as the sorter and packager for proteins from the ER. Helps move things in and out of cell.
Where is extracellular fluid found? - outside the cell
Where is ECF located in the body? - found in the plasma, lymph, CSF, eye humors, synovial fluid, and the GI secretions.
Where is intracellular fluid located? - inside the cell
Where is intracellular fluid found in the body? - found inside of cells, cytosol.
Which electrolytes are found at h [Show Less]