NUR 2063 Patho Exam 2 Study Guide
Essentials of Pathophysiology (Rasmussen
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Exam Guidelines: 50 questions in 75 min = 1.5 minutes per question. Respondus Lockdown Browser is required, make sure browser if functional before exam. Study guide material should be obtained from textbook, use lecture as a chapter overview. Call IT if needed or email for proof of issue [email protected].
The following are Key Concepts covered on Exam 2.
1.What causes ridged abdomen in Peritonitis
•Reflexive abdominal muscle spasm, occurs in response to peritoneal inflammation
2.What disorder results in Mechanical Bowel Obstruction
3.The cause of Hiatal Hernia
•Weakening of diaphragm muscle, resulting from increased intrathoracic pressure (coughing, vomiting, straining to defecate)/increased intra-abdominal pressure (pregnancy, obesity)
•Trauma or congenital defects
4.Cause of diarrhea with antibiotic ingestion
5.Diseases that cause H. pylori
6.Name Inflammatory Bowel Disorders
•Crohn’s Disease
•Ulcerative Colitis
7.Cause of Chronic Pancreatitis
•Alcohol abuse
8.Define Intussusception
•Telescoping of a portion of the intestine into another portion
9.Cause of Heartburn
•Lower esophageal sphincter relaxes, allowing acidic contents of stomach to reflux into the esophagus
10.Fecal Impaction/mechanical bowel obstruction
•
11.Cause of Acute Pancreatitis
•Cholelithiasis
12.Transmission of Hepatitis A, B, C, E
•Hepatitis A:
•Imported food, drugs, and homelessness
•Hepatitis B:
•Injection drug use
•Hepatitis C:
•Injection drug use
•Hepatitis E:
•Poor sanitation
13.Cause of cleft Lip and Palate
•Combination of environmental and hereditary factors
•Genetic mutations, maternal diabetes, drugs (anticonvulsants), toxins, viruses, vitamin deficiencies(folate), alcohol, cigarette smoking
•Having one child with condition increases risk for condition in second child
14.Clinical Manifestations of Appendicitis
•Vary from asymptomatic to sudden and severe
•Pain near umbilicus, pain moves to lower right quadrant, pain intensifies over approx. 12-24 hours, aggravated by movement (guarding)
•Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, bowel pattern changes
•Fever, chills, leukocytosis
15.Complications of GERD Hint: complication
•Esophagitis, structures, ulcerations, esophageal hemorrhage, Barrett esophagus (precancerous changes), esophageal cancer (adenocarcinoma), chronic pulmonary disease (asthma)
NUR2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology
Module 7, EXAM 2 Study Guide
Chapters: 7,8,9,10
16.Consequences of untreated gastroenteritis
17.Clinical manifestations of bile duct obstruction
18.Define dysphagia – difficulty swallowing
19.Clinical manifestations of gastritis
•Indigestion, heartburn, epigastric pain, abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, malaise
20.Know how to identify duodenal and gastric ulcers
•Duodenal: epigastric pain that is absent upon waking, appears mid-morning, and arouses them at night; relieved in presence of food, returns 2-3 hours after eating
•Gastric: less frequent, deadlier; associated with malignancy and NSAID use
•Pain worsens when eating
21.Know ulcerative colitis
•Progressive condition of the rectum and colon mucosa
•Usually develops in 20s or 30s
•P. 385**
22.Clinical manifestations of portal hypertension
23.Common clinical manifestation of stress ulcers
•Peptic ulcer disease
•Epigastric/abdominal pain, abdominal cramping, heartburn, indigestion, chest pain, nausea/vomiting, melena, fatigue, unexplained weight loss
24.Know presentation of diverticulitis
•Abdominal cramping, passing large quantities of frank blood
•Low grade fever, abdominal tenderness (LLQ), abdominal distention, constipation, obstipation, nausea, vomiting, palpable abdominal mass, leukocytosis
25.Early signs of cancer (in ascending colon)
26.Liver Disease clinical manifestation
27.Assessment findings in progressive dysphagia
28.Know clinical manifestations of gastric ulcer with peritonitis
29.Causes of pyelonephritis
•Gram negative: [Show Less]