NUR2063 Exam 3 Focused Review
Ch. 2 Homeostasis, Allostasis, and Adaptive Responses to Stressors
• Electrolyte pools- bones act as an electrolyte pool
... [Show More] and store calcium magnesium, and phosphate
ions; shift of electrolytes into electrolyte pools will decrease plasma electrolyte concentration
and shift of electrolytes from an electrolyte pool into the extracellular fluid will increase the
plasma electrolyte concentration
Ch. 7 Neoplasia
• Metastasis- process by which cancer cells escape their tissue of origin and initiate new colonies
of cancer in distant sites
Ch. 9 Inflammation and Immunity
• Passive vs active immunity- Passive: transfer of preformed antibodies against specific antigen
from a protected or immunized individual to an unprotected or nonimmunized individual; types:
mother to fetus: IgG- can cross placenta, mother to infant: IgA- from breast milk, serotherapydirect injections of antibodies (human or animal); active: a protected state owing to the body’s
immune response as a result of active infection or immunization, types: immunizations- vaccines
• Immunoglobulins- antibodies; two identical light polypeptide chains joined to identical heavy
polypeptide chains by disulfide bonds; five different classes: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, & IgE
•
Ch. 11 Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells
• Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)- characterized by malignant granulocytes that carry the
Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+); does not respond well to chemotherapy: poor overall survival
time; Blast stage CML- poor prognosis: 3 to 4 months; treatment- bone marrow transplant
• Age of onset for multiple myeloma- median age 65 years
• Malignant Disorders of WBCs- may be nonspecific signs & symptoms
•
Ch. 13 Alterations in Oxygen Transport
• Anemia- occurs from a manifestation of diseases; a deficit of RBCs; leads to hypoxia
• Polycythemia- excess of RBCs; increases blood viscosity & volume; leads to hypertension
• Erythropoietin- is stimulated from the kidney secretion hormone to stimulates RBC production
• Acute blood loss- type of anemia; may be from trauma or secondary to a disease process;
symptoms develop with activity at 20% loss of blood volume (tachycardia and postural drop in
BP), and increase in severity with continued blood loss; shock and death can occur with 50% loss
of circulating volume; treatment: blood volume replacement therapy with crystalloids, colloids,
and fresh whole blood; prognosis: excellent with treatment unless blood loss is severe [Show Less]