Health - ANSWER-A complex phenomenon that involves physical, mental, and spiritual aspects
Wellness - ANSWER-A way of life oriented toward optimal
... [Show More] health and well-being.
Nourishment - ANSWER-Life and wellness require nourishment. Nourishment comes in the form of food, exercise, sleep, relationships, meaningful work, the environment, and memories.
A person with an illness rarely describes the illness in terms of their diagnosis. Instead, they describe the illness as: - ANSWER-The way it makes them feel. (Pain, sadness, loss, fatigue, overwhelmed)
Normalcy - ANSWER-One aspect of persevering in illness and life disruption is maintaining as much normalcy as possible. Normalcy helps clients cope with illness.
People who are suffering experience: - ANSWER-Loneliness. Part of aloneness can be related to the actual physical separation, part of it from a sense of the world going on without them, and part of it from a sense of no one really being in their world.
What factors can influence a person's response to disruptions? - ANSWER-Age
Family patterns
Culture
Hardiness
Support
Access to healthcare resources
The stage and nature of the illness and the intensity, duration, and multiplicity of the disruption.
What is a large and growing healthcare concern, especially among older adults? - ANSWER-Chronic illness
Name the top three risks for functional decline. - ANSWER-1. Cognitive impairment
2. Depression
3. Disease burden
What are some ways we can ease patients' disruptions as a result of admission, transfers, and discharge from a healthcare setting? - ANSWER-Discharge planning, communication, coordination, and teaching.
How does the World Health Organization define health? - ANSWER->The World Health Organization (WHO) initially defined health as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" (WHO, 1948).
>In 1986 WHO redefined health as "a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities".
How does Traditional Chinese medicine define health? - ANSWER-A balance between yin and yang.
How does Ayurveda describe health? - ANSWER-Describes health as the trinity of body, mind, and spiritual awareness.
How did Florence Nightingale (1859) define health? - ANSWER-She believed that health was the prevention of disease through the use of fresh air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light.
How did nursing theorist Jean Watson (1979) describe health? - ANSWER-She believed that health implies at least three elements: (1) a high level of overall physical, mental, and social functioning; (2) a general adaptive-maintenance level of daily functioning; and (3) the absence of illness (or the presence of efforts that lead to its absence).
Explain how full-spectrum nurses define health and illness. - ANSWER-Nurses understand health and illness as individual experiences, emerging from each patient's unique responses.
Identify factors that disrupt health. - ANSWER-Factors that disrupt health include physical disease, injury, mental illness, pain, loss, impending death, competing demands, the unknown, imbalance, and isolation.
Define hardiness. - ANSWER-Hardiness has been described as developing a very strong positive force to live—and enjoying the fight. It also involves willingness to draw on resources from within oneself or from others to break out of old patterns of living when life situations change. Hardy people seek information and take initiative in dealing with life situations. They have an "I can deal with this" attitude.
Explain how you can promote patient trust during admissions, transfers, and discharges. - ANSWER-Patient trust can be promoted by supporting patients through transitions such as admission, transfer, and discharge from the institution—in helping them adjust to the new environment. Trust is built on the relationship you begin building with your first patient contact. You need to have plans in place and have supplies and equipment already prepared for each of these transitions. Patient and family teaching are essential. Greet the client and introduce yourself; keep the patient informed about what to expect and what is expected of him or her. Establish a relationship with the client. Take time to get to know your client. Try to set a tone of caring, respect, and understanding. Coordinate and communicate with other department and community services to obtain the care your client needs.
Health Belief - ANSWER-Characterized by the relationship between what a person believes and how a person acts
Host-agent environment - ANSWER-A causative model seeking a source or cause of illness
Holistic - ANSWER-The unique interaction of an individual's mind, body, and spirit within the universe
Acute Illness - ANSWER-Develops quickly and lasts a limited amount of time.
Chronic Illness - ANSWER-Often develop gradually and can last a person's lifetime.
Primary Prevention - ANSWER-The implementation of programs aimed to reduce illness by preventing occurrence.
Secondary prevention - ANSWER-Aimed at reducing the incidence of illness through early identification and treatment of illness.
Tertiary prevention - ANSWER-The reduction of the residual effects of illness after the development of the illness.
It is after visiting hours when the minister from John's church stops by to visit him. By allowing the minister to visit, the nurse demonstrates recognition of the influence of _________ on the healing process. - ANSWER-Spirituality
What is the primary reason pediatric units encourage families to stay with young patients? - ANSWER-Increase involvement of the family in the plan of care
What is the goal of analyzing client assessment data about nutrition, exercise, leisure activities, spirituality, and home environment? - ANSWER-Provide the information needed to describe related causal factors
A 28-year-old client underwent surgery for testicular cancer. Which factor might increase the client's recovery time? - ANSWER-History of tobacco use
(Increases recovery time from illness, injury, and surgery)
When do people typically begin to increase awareness of the compelling reality of death? - ANSWER-Middle age
Which health conditions would be considered acute illness? - ANSWER-Appendicitis
What is the most important reason for a nurse to remain calm, greet the patient by name, and introduce herself to a new patient, even when the nurse is upset by something else that has happened? - ANSWER-These actions help to establish a trusting relationship.
A nurse is admitting a 75-year-old patient to the nursing unit, accompanied by his son. Using a life span approach to care, which of the following is essential for the nurse to do? - ANSWER-Ask the patient whether he has had any falls in the past year.
The nurse is responsible for setting up special equipment (e.g., oxygen, suction). Aside from that, which of the following procedures can the nurse delegate in its entirety to nursing assistive personnel (NAP)? - ANSWER-Preparing a room for a newly admitted patient
In an effort to promote health, the home health nurse opens the client's bedroom windows to let in fresh air and sunlight, washes her hands often, and teaches the patient and family about the importance of hygiene and cleanliness. This most closely illustrates the ideas of which of the following people? - ANSWER-Florence Nightingale
Which of the following is known to be a healthy strategy for coping with stress? - ANSWER-Performing meaningful work
Which family would most likely be helpful in encouraging the client to experience a high level of wellness? A family who: - ANSWER-Teaches negotiation skills and independence
When developing goals, which guideline should the nurse keep in mind? Goals should be: - ANSWER-Realistic so that progress is recognized by the patient
Which one of the following important nursing actions is a hospitalized patient likely to experience on an emotional level and remember long after this hospitalization has ended? - ANSWER-Providing a healing presence by listening and being attentive
Which statement best describes the health-illness continuum? - ANSWER-Health and illness are along a continuum that cannot be divided.
What are the DRIs? - ANSWER-DRIs are "dietary reference intakes" established by the National Academy of Sciences in a collaborative effort of the United States and Canada to promote the consumption of healthful nutrient levels by all Americans.
What is the body's most usable energy source? - ANSWER-Carbohydrates, especially glucose, provide the most usable energy.
Which nutrient's primary function is growth and repair of tissue? - ANSWER-The primary function of dietary protein is the growth and repair of body tissues. Secondarily, proteins attract water in the bloodstream and contribute to regulating fluid balance in the body. They function as buffers for regulating acid-base balance. Proteins are a secondary energy source. They are also involved in immune defense.
Which type of vitamin requires daily consumption to maintain appropriate levels? - ANSWER-Water-soluble vitamins require daily intake because they are eliminated in the urine with little storage in the body.
Which age group experiences a growth spurt second only to that of infants? - ANSWER-Adolescents
Why are energy (kcal) requirements less for older adults? - ANSWER-For older adults, lean body mass is lost and appetite, physical activity, and BMR decrease, resulting in slightly reduced energy requirements.
List nutrients that may be more difficult to supply through a vegetarian diet. - ANSWER-Vitamin B12, protein, calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin D. Vegans must supplement these nutrients and calcium or consume foods fortified with them.
Why is it important to identify the serum albumin level? - ANSWER-Serum albumin levels are useful in identifying chronic nutritional deficiency and malnutrition.
Which food provides the only animal source of carbohydrate? - ANSWER-Milk
During an admission assessment, the patient reports that he takes vitamin E supplements twice a day. The nurse should explain that taking vitamin E supplements twice a day: - ANSWER-Can lead to toxicity
The nurse is preparing an enteral feeding for a patient who will be receiving intermittent feedings via nasogastric tube for the first time. The patient is conscious. Which of the following is the priority intervention before administering this feeding? - ANSWER-Obtain an x-ray of the chest and abdomen.
The head of the bed of a patient who is receiving enteral feedings is elevated to 45 degrees. Which complication associated with enteral feedings does this intervention help prevent? - ANSWER-Aspiration
During parenteral nutrition administration, a nurse breaks sterile technique. For which complication does this place the patient at risk? - ANSWER-Sepsis
An adult patient who is receiving a continuous enteral feeding at 80 ml/hr has a residual volume of 120 ml 6 hours after the last check. How should the nurse proceed? - ANSWER-Hold the feeding for 1 hour, and recheck
Which action should the nurse take after administering a dose of medication through a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube? - ANSWER-Flush the tube with 30 mL of water
The nurse is caring for a patient who has multiple fractures from a skiing accident. To best promote bone growth, the nurse should encourage the patient to eat foods high in calcium and vitamin D. Which food selection by the client indicates an understanding of foods that are high in calcium? - ANSWER-Tofu
A patient has anemia. An appropriate goal for that the patient would be for him to increase his intake of which nutrient? - ANSWER-Iron
Patients may be deficient in which vitamin during the winter months? - ANSWER-D
Which organ relies almost exclusively on glucose for energy? - ANSWER-Brain
Health promotion - ANSWER-Refers to helping clients develop an optimal state of health.
Intention - ANSWER-The difference between health promotion and health protection (illness prevention).
Primary intervention - ANSWER-Designed to prevent or slow the onset of disease.
Secondary interventions - ANSWER-Designed to detect illnesses in early stages
Tertiary interventions - ANSWER-Focus on stopping the disease from progressing and on rehabilitation.
Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM) - ANSWER-Identifies three groups of variables that affect health behavior: (1) individual characteristics and experiences; (2) behavior-specific cognitions and affect; and (3) behavioral outcome.
Health promotion activities for all age groups include: - ANSWER-Nutrition, exercise, safety concerns, changing unhealthy lifestyles, immunizations, and screenings.
A health promotion assessment involves : - ANSWER-Obtaining a health history, physical examination, fitness assessment, lifestyle and risk appraisal, life stress review, assessment of healthcare beliefs, nutritional assessment, and screening activities
Health screening activities are designed to: - ANSWER-Detect disease at an early stage so that treatment can begin before there is an opportunity for disease to spread or reduce the quality of life.
Health screening activities vary based on: - ANSWER-Developmental stage and identified risk factors.
Nurses promote health through: - ANSWER-Role models, counseling, health education, and providing and facilitating support.
How does health promotion differ from health protection? - ANSWER-Health promotion is motivated by the desire to increase well-being. Health promotion is related to individual lifestyle and involves making choices that affect one's health prospects. Examples include physical activity, nutrition, tobacco and alcohol use, and family planning.
Health protection is directed at preventing illness. Examples include safety, environmental conditions, exercise, and nutrition.
What are the six dimensions of health represented by the spokes on the wellness wheel? - ANSWER-Physical
Mental
Emotional
Social/family
Occupational
Spiritual
Identify the stages of change identified by Prochaska and DiClemente. - ANSWER-Pre contemplation
Contemplation
Determination
Action stage
Maintenance stage
Termination
Describe the four main types of health promotion programs. - ANSWER-Disseminating information.
Programs for changing lifestyle and behavior (stop smoking, etc)
Environmental-control programs. (air, water, etc)
Wellness assessment and health risk appraisal programs. (promote health and fight disease- found online and in fitness magazines)
What role does stress play in health promotion? - ANSWER-Stress triggers physiological responses that may, over time, induce illness. Stress includes life change events and daily hassles. For some people, life events may contribute more to individual hardiness than to vulnerability.
Identify strategies to help a client engage in positive lifestyle change. - ANSWER-Role modeling
Counseling
Providing health education
Facilitating support
Winona has made the decision to stop smoking; her father was just diagnosed with lung cancer, and she fears that she will also develop this disease. This is an example of which of the following? - ANSWER-Health protection
Which of the following statements would indicate a patient is likely to comply with a newly prescribed low-sodium diet? - ANSWER-"I know we are going to have to buy some different foods now, even if they don't taste as good."
Which of the following health promotion programs would have the greatest overall effect on the intended participants? - ANSWER-An exercise program started in a county school system
A man converts a room in his home into a workout area. He uses the gym on a regular basis to improve his health. As his muscle strength improves, he adds more machines, which, in turn, enable him to work on his cardiovascular health. This is an example of which of the following? - ANSWER-Pender's Health Promotion Model
A tennis professional had surgical repair of a rotator cuff injury and is now participating in physical therapy. This is an example of which of the following? - ANSWER-Tertiary prevention
A patient with a 30-year history of tobacco use has decided to quit smoking and is preparing a plan to ensure that she is successful in this endeavor. Which of the change stages identified by Prochaska and DiClemente is this patient experiencing? - ANSWER-Determination
When assessing the level of cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy, middle-aged adults without joint restriction or mobility impairment, what screening activity would be most suitable for the nurse to ask the patient to perform? - ANSWER-Step test
The nurse would advise which patient to have a fasting lipid panel performed at least once every 5 years? Select all that apply. - ANSWER-1) Adult with total cholesterol greater than 150 mg/dL
2) All adults 20 years and older
3) Children exceeding 95% for weight
The nurse planning a health promotion and wellness screening program considers which factor as the greatest risk for cardiovascular disease? - ANSWER-BMI greater than 30
The nurse would try to identify the patient's locus of control when trying to change health promotion behavior because she wanted to determine which of the following? Select all that apply. - ANSWER-1) Perception of powerlessness
3) Feeling of being in charge of own health [Show Less]