Test will consist of a total of 50 questions; these questions will be a combination of multiple
choice and select all that apply. Use this as a guide for
... [Show More] studying. Time limit for exam: 60 minutes
Nursing Role/Theory
Overview of nursing theorists -
Florence Nightingale - first practicing epidemiologist and first to develop the philosophy of
nursing
o Improved sanitation in battlefield hospitals
o Petitioned to go to Crimea during the war
o Environmental theory -
o Established the Nightingale school of nursing at St. Martin hospital; her practices remain
a basic party of nursing today.
Clara Barton - founder of the American Red Cross (cared for soldiers during the civil war)
Mother Bickerdyke - organized ambulance services and walked battlefields looking for soldiers
who were wounded
Harriet Tubman - active in the underground railroad movement leading slaves to freedom
Mary Mahoney - first professionally trained African American nurse; brought cultural
awareness.
Lillian Walk and Mary Brewster - focused on community needs and health care for the poor
Theorists -
Orem - overall theory of self-care. Person includes physical, psychological, interpersonal and
social aspects. interventions geared at overcoming or preventing self-care limitations. Also
includes providing care for those who cannot. health is internal and external conditions that
permit self-care needs to be met. the environment is anything outside of the person. nursing
assesses what can the person do and what do I need to do for them.
Rogers - believed person and environment are one thing and cannot be separated. Unitary man.
the person is an energy field. health is a pattern of energy fields. nursing assists with the
person/environment to achieve maximum health
Johnson - made up of 7 subsets of behavior. a person is a behavioral and biological system
balance. environment is anything outside of the person. health is balance. nurses restore or
maintain balance. 1. achievement, affiliative, aggressive, dependence, elimination, ingestive and
sexual
Roy - person is a biopsychosocial being seeking balance. adaptation is key point. nursing assists
with coping. health is defined by ability to adapt and cope with stressors
Betty Neuman - systems model. focuses on prevention or prevention as intervention in response
to stressors. flexible and normal lines of defense. lines with resistance
King - goal attainment model. person interacts with the environment. health is a dynamic state
of well-being. nurse interacts with the patient to set goal
Watson - theory of human caring. Person is a mind body and soul connections. caring
occasions or caring movement.
Leininger - culture care theory. Nursing is a transcultural caring discipline and profession.
health is culturally defined.
Components of theory in practice -
phenomenon - explain, describe or predict a phenomenon,
concepts - words and phrases,
definitions (theoretical/conceptual, operational),
assumption - points to something that is assumed to be true,
propositions -
Purpose of concept maps - provide a method ......................................continued [Show Less]