NSG 6320 AGNP Board Exam – Respiratory Prescribing 100 correct Q&A
1. Question:
Treatment of Bordetella pertussis in a patient with a
... [Show More] hypersensitivity to macrolides is:
doxycycline.
clindamycin (Cleocin).
metronidazole (Flagyl).
sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (Bactrim). Correct
Explanation:
Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (Bactrim) is an alternative choice for patients in whom
a macrolide is contraindicated.
2. Question:
The mainstay of treatment in the management of mild and moderate croup is
symptomatic relief that includes:
antibiotics.
beta-2 agonists.
corticosteroids. Correct
decongestants.
Explanation:
The mainstay of treatment in the management of mild and moderate croup is
symptomatic relief, which includes corticosteroids (inhaled or oral). Antibiotics, beta-2
agonists and decongestants have not been studied, and their use is discouraged.
3. Question:
In adults with community-acquired pneumonia in which B-lactamase producing
Haemophilus influenzae is identified as the causative organism, the outpatient
treatment of choice is:
amoxicillin (Amoxil).
azithromycin (Zithromax).
Cefixime (Suprax). Correct
oseltamivir (Tamiflu).
Explanation:
The treatment of choice in adults with B-lactamase producing Haemophilus influenzae
community acquired pneumonia is cefixime (Suprax). Amoxicillin is recommended in
the presence of non-B-lactamase producing Haemophilus influenzae. Alternate
antibiotics include fluoroquinolones (ie. moxifloxacin [Avelox]), doxycycline,
azithromycin and clarithromycin.
4. Question:
A patient with sinusitis is treated with amoxicillin. Caution is advised with concomitant
use of:
lisinopril (Zestril).
fexofenadine (Allegra).
warfarin (Coumadin). Correct
furosemide (Lasix).
Explanation:
Amoxicillin should be used with caution with warfarin (Coumadin). The combination
will increase the INR and thus increase the risk of bleeding, possibly due to altered
vitamin K production by gut flora. Amoxicillin can be co- administered with lisinopril
(Zestril), fexofenadine (Allegra), and furosemide (Lasix).
5. Question:
A patient with bacterial sinusitis taking an oral penicillin should be instructed:
to monitor capillary blood glucose readings if they have diabetes.
that additional protection against pregnancy is necessary if they are taking an oral
contraceptive. Correct
to use an anti-diarrheal if they experience diarrhea.
to avoid penicillin if they are pregnant or trying to become pregnant.
Explanation:
Penicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic. The drug interactions of most concern with the
beta-lactam antibiotics are those with oral contraceptive products, methotrexate and
valproic acid. In the case oral contraceptives, even though a small percentage of women
may potentially experience decreased effectiveness of these birth control products while
taking beta-lactam antibiotic, alternative birth control methods should be considered
while taking these antibiotics. Anti-diarrheal medicine should not be taken because it
may worsen or prolong diarrhea. Most penicillins are safe to use during pregnancy.
Penicillins may cause false readings with some urine glucose tests [Show Less]