NSG 6320 AGNP BOARD EXAM QUESTIONS (latest)
Assessment question of Endocrinology (48Q) – South
University Savannah
Question:
The earliest
... [Show More] recognizable clinical manifestation(s) of cystic fibrosis in an infant is:
History of poor intestinal absorption
Foul smelling, frothy, greasy stools
Meconium ileus
Salty taste on the skin Correct
Explanation:
The signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis (CF) vary from person to person and over
time. Sometimes there will be few symptoms and other times, symptoms may become
more severe. One of the first signs of CF that parents may notice is that their baby's skin
tastes salty when kissed, or the baby doesn't pass stool when first born. Most of the
other signs and symptoms of CF happen later. They're related to how CF affects the
respiratory, digestive, or reproductive systems of the body.
Question:
If a newborn is suspected of having congenital hypothyroidism, which clinical
manifestation would be evident?
Prematurity
Hyperthermia
Hyperactivity
Enlarged anterior fontanel Correct
Explanation:
Infants with congenital hypothyroidism are usually born at term or after term. Most
practitioners now depend on the screening test in newborns to diagnose this condition
since the symptoms or signs take time to develop. The symptoms of congenital
hypothyroidism may include some of the following: puffy face, coarse facial features,enlarged anterior fontanel, thick protruding tongue, poor feeding, constipation or
reduced stooling, prolonged jaundice, decreased activity with hypotonia, hypothermia
and cool and pale skin, goiter, birth defects (e.g., heart valve abnormality), poor weight
gain due to poor appetite, and swollen hands, feet and genitals.
Question:
The appearance of breast development in girls before the age of 8 years is termed:
amenorrhea.
gynecomastia.
adrenarche.
precocious puberty. Correct
Explanation:
Puberty that begins before age 8 in girls and before age 9 in boys is considered
precocious puberty. Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation. Gynecomastia is
swelling of the breast tissue in boys or men. Adrenarche is the early presence of pubic
hair in girls aged 5-8 years old.
Question:
A butterfly-shaped gland located in the middle of the neck below the larynx and above
the clavicles is the:
parathyroid gland.
thyroid gland. Correct
hypothalamus gland.
thymus gland.
Explanation:
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the middle of the neck below the
larynx and above the clavicles. The parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands
located in the neck behind the thyroid gland. The thymus gland is rectangular and
located in the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity anterior and superior to the heart and
posterior to the sternum. The hypothalamus is located in the brain.
Question:
When auscultating the enlarged thyroid with a stethoscope, a bruit is suggestive of:
a carotid aneurysm.
a normal finding.hyperthyroidism. Correct
a thyroid malignancy.
Explanation:
A systolic or continuous bruit auscultated with a stethoscope over an enlarged thyroid
may be heard in hyperthyroidism. This is not a normal finding. A bruit is not usually
associated with a thyroid malignancy.
Question:
During assessment of the thyroid, a fixed, firm, nontender large mass is noted. These
findings describe:
a cyst.
a nodule. Correct
a goiter.
hyperplasia.
Explanation:
A thyroid nodule presents as a fixed, firm, nontender large mass. Thyroid cysts are fluidfilled. A goiter causes visible swelling at the base of the neck. Hyperplasia is an
abnormal increase in the volume of a tissue or organ caused by the formation and
growth of new normal cells
Question:
A hormonal disorder in adults resulting from the overproduction of growth hormones is
known as:
gigantism.
prolactinoma.
acromegaly. Correct
congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Explanation:
Gigantism refers to an abnormally high linear growth due to the excessive action of
insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) while the epiphyseal growth plates are open during
childhood. Acromegaly is the same disorder of IGF-I excess but occurs after the growth
plate cartilage fuses in adulthood. Excessive growth hormone is almost always caused by
a noncancerous (benign) pituitary tumor. A prolactinoma is a benign tumor (adenoma)
of the pituitary gland that produces excessive prolactin resulting in decreased levels ofsome sex hormones. The term congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) encompasses a
group of autosomal recessive disorders, each of which involves a deficiency of an
enzyme involved in the synthesis of cortisol, aldosterone, or both.
Question:
Hyperpigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes can be seen in patients who:
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Addison's Disease. Correct
Cushing's Disease.
diabetes.
Explanation:
Hyperpigmentation of skin and mucous membranes is usually seen in patients who have
Addison's Disease. Hairy leukoplakia can be seen in patients who have AIDS. Cushing's
disease can present with any of the following skin lesions: striae, skin atrophy, purpura,
ecchymosis, telangiectasias, acne, moon facies, buffalo hump, or hypertrichosis.
Diabetes may produce any of these skin conditions: necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum,
diabetic bullae, diabetic dermopathy, granuloma annulare, acanthosis nigricans,
candidiasis, neuropathic ulcers, eruptive xanthomas, and peripheral vascular disease.
Question:
Women with hyperthyroidism often experience:
oligomenorrhea. Correct
normal menstruation.
amenorrhea.
menorrhagia.
Explanation:
Women diagnosed with hyperthyroidism usually present with oligomenorrhea or
infrequent menstrual periods. Menstruation is normal vaginal bleeding. Amenorrhea is
an absence of menstruation. Menorrhagia is prolonged or heavy vaginal bleeding.
Question:
A 20-year-old with acanthosis nigricans should be evaluated for:
acute renal failure.
diabetes mellitus. Correct
alcohol-induced cirrhosis.hypothyroidism.
Explanation:
Acanthosis nigricans is a skin condition characterized by dark velvety patches in the
body folds and creases. It is typically noted in patients who are obese or who have
diabetes.
Question:
Which one of the following groups of symptoms would be more consistent in a child
with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Blood glucose levels on two separate occasions between 75 mg/dL and 110 mg/dL,
weight loss, and frequent urination
Complaints of being hungry all the time, hyperactivity, and frequent urination
Blood glucose levels on two separate occasions greater than 126 mg/dl, enuresis, and
complaints of being tired Correct
Polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria
Explanation:
Classic S/S of type 2 diabetes mellitus include: non-fasting blood glucose levels >200
(especially with other symptoms of diabetes), overweight, fatigue, frequent infections,
and enuresis. Polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria are classic signs and symptoms of
type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Question:
A 30-year-old woman is taking phenytoin (Dilantin) for seizures. She has recent hair
loss and anorexia but is craving salty foods. Her lab results show abnormally high
cortisol levels. These symptoms suggest:
hyperparathyroidism.
Addison's disease. Correct
anorexia nervosa
celiac disease.
Explanation:
Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency and hypercortisolism, is
a long-term endocrine disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate
steroid hormones. Classic symptoms of Addison's disease include fatigue, anorexia, [Show Less]