NSG 101 Hematologic Disorders Notes _ 2021
HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS
(Mr. Mark Cristino)
🞠The Hematologic System is made up of the
Blood, the Spleen,
... [Show More] Bone Marrow, and the Liver
🞠The principal component of the hematologic
system is the blood.
🞠Blood is made up of three main components: red
blood cells, white blood cells, and plasma.
🞠Red blood cells, erythrocytes, are the most
common blood cells. They appear as discs with
an indent in the surface, and they lack a nucleus.
🞠White Blood Cells, or leukocytes, are one of the
body's defenses.
🞠There are two types: granulocytes and
granulocytes.
THERE ARE SEVEN TYPES OF
LEUKOCYTES.
â–ª Neutrophils -fight bacteria and fungi.
â–ª Eosinophils -fight larger parasites and modulate
the inflammatory response with allergies
â–ª Basophils- release histamine to induce an
inflammatory response
THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF
LYMPHOCYTES:
➢ B Cells,
➢ T Cells, and
➢ Natural Killer Cells.
1. B Cells
• release antibodies and assist T Cell
activation.
2. T Cells
• can be regulatory, which cause the body to
return to normal after an inflammatory
response, they can activate and regulate B
and T Cells, or they can attack virus infected
or cancer cells.
3. Natural killer cells
• attack virus infected and tumor cells as
well.
🞠Monocytes
• move to tissues and then differentiate
into macrophages.
🞠Macrophages
• are phagocytic cells, and they eat
cellular waste, debris, and pathogens.
• They also stimulate lymphocytes.
PLASMA
o Plasma is a fluid made up of 90% of water, in
which blood is suspended.
o Plasma allows blood cells to travel through
vessels, in the water it contains.
o Plasma is also made up of minerals, nutrients,
and electrolytes.
o Platelets are cells which are critical to blood
clotting.
SPLEEN
o The spleen is an important organ: it acts as
a reservoir for blood, and it filters out
erythrocytes that can no longer carry out their
function.
o And it can still be removed, and the only side
effects would be an slight increase in white
blood cells, and platelets, and increased
susceptibility to some diseases.
LIVER
o detoxifies the blood.
THE CHILD WITH ALTERATION IN
OXYGENATION: TRANSPORT
DISORDERS AFFECTING RBC:
1. IRON DEFIENCY ANEMIA
o is a common type of anemia- a condition
in which blood lacks adequate healthy
red blood cells
o Red blood cells carry oxygen to the
body's tissues.
o As the name implies, iron deficiency anemia is
due to insufficient iron.
o Without enough iron, your body can't produce
enough of a substance in red blood cells that
enables them to carry oxygen (hemoglobin).
NSG 101 HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS NOTES 2021o As a result, iron deficiency anemia may leave
you tired and short of breath.o Initially, iron deficiency anemia can be so mild
that it goes unnoticed. But as the body becomes
more deficient in iron and anemia worsens.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
a) Extreme fatigue
b) Pale skin
c) Weakness
d) Shortness of breath
e) Chest pain
f) Frequent infections
g) Headache
h) Dizziness or lightheadedness
i) Cold hands and
j) feet Inflammation
k) soreness of your tongue
l) Brittle nails
m) Fast heartbeat
n) Unusual cravings for non-nutritive substances,
such as ice, dirt or starch
o) Poor appetite, especially in infants a
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