NRNP 6635 FINAL
EXAM SCHIZOPHRENIA
LATEST VERSION ,300
QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Treatment includes antipsychotics in conjunction with
... [Show More] behavioral therapy. - ANS-Treatment of Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a chronic serious mental disorder characterized by loss of contact with reality and manifested by two main symptoms: hallucinations and delusions. - ANS-Schizophrenia definition
Men and women are equally affected, but with a slight difference in the age of onsetMen: average age of onset = 23 years Women: average age of onset = 26 years - ANS-onset of schizophrenia
The disorder manifests when a person with a genetic predisposition is exposed to one of many environmental stressors.
- genetic predisposition
- environmental stressors - ANS-Etiological factors of schizophrenia
Environmental stressors are believed to be triggers of schizophrenia rather than true causes of the disorder.
-Childhood trauma
- Residence in an urban area
- Social isolation
-Frequent cannabis use in early adolescence
- Migration
- Poverty
- Stress and psychosocial factors
- Birth in late winter or early spring
-Advanced paternal age at conception - ANS-Environmental
Stressors of Schizophrenia
Genetic and environmental risk factors appear to act via a common pathway
of disrupting the function of 1 or more neurotransmitter components.
Dopaminergic theory: Almost all drugs with antipsychotic properties block the dopaminergic D2 receptor.
However, antipsychotics are only 70% effective and clozapine, the most effective antipsychotic for treating schizophrenia, is a weak D2 antagonist.
Hyperactivity of dopamine D2 receptor neurotransmission in subcortical, and limbic brain regions contribute to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Hypo functionality of dopamine D1 receptor neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex contributes to both negative and cognitive symptoms. - ANS-Pathophysiology of schizophrenia part 1
Other theories:
Hypofunction of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor. Dysfunctional gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) interneurons.
Dysfunctional nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. - ANS-
Pathophysiology of schizophrenia part 2
Patients with schizophrenia also have physical abnormalities of the brain tissue, which can be seen in neuroimaging studies.
Loss of cortical tissue volume, including the limbic system, prefrontal cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala.
Ventricular enlargement (third and lateral).
Decreased symmetry.
Hypoactivity of the frontal lobes and hyperactivity of the basal ganglia. - ANS-Physical abnormalities of the brain in schizophrenia
Treatment includes antipsychotics in conjunction with behavioral therapy. - ANS-Treatment of Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a chronic serious mental disorder characterized by loss of contact with reality and manifested by two main symptoms: hallucinations and delusions. - ANS-Schizophrenia definition
Men and women are equally affected, but with a slight difference in the age of onsetMen: average age of onset = 23 years Women: average age of onset = 26 years - ANS-onset of schizophrenia
The disorder manifests when a person with a genetic predisposition is exposed to one of many environmental stressors.
- genetic predisposition
- environmental stressors - ANS-Etiological factors of schizophrenia
Environmental stressors are believed to be triggers of schizophrenia rather than true causes of the disorder.
-Childhood trauma
- Residence in an urban area
- Social isolation
-Frequent cannabis use in early adolescence
- Migration
- Poverty
- Stress and psychosocial factors
- Birth in late winter or early spring
-Advanced paternal age at conception - ANS-Environmental
Stressors of Schizophrenia
Genetic and environmental risk factors appear to act via a common pathway
of disrupting the function of 1 or more neurotransmitter components.
Dopaminergic theory: Almost all drugs with antipsychotic properties block the dopaminergic D2 receptor.
However, antipsychotics are only 70% effective and clozapine, the most effective antipsychotic for treating schizophrenia, is a weak D2 antagonist.
Hyperactivity of dopamine D2 receptor neurotransmission in subcortical, and limbic brain regions contribute to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Hypo functionality of dopamine D1 receptor neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex contributes to both negative and cognitive symptoms. - ANS-Pathophysiology of schizophrenia part 1
Other theories:
Hypofunction of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor. Dysfunctional gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) interneurons.
Dysfunctional nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. - ANS-
Pathophysiology of schizophrenia part 2
Patients with schizophrenia also have physical abnormalities of the brain tissue, which can be seen in neuroimaging studies.
Loss of cortical tissue volume, including the limbic system, prefrontal cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala.
Ventricular enlargement (third and lateral).
Decreased symmetry.
Hypoactivity of the frontal lobes and hyperactivity of the basal ganglia. - ANS-Physical abnormalities of the brain in schizophrenia [Show Less]