clinical decision support (CDS)
component that "provides clinicians, staff, patients, or other individuals with knowledge and person-specific
... [Show More] information, intelligently filtered or presented at appropriate times, to enhance health and healthcare.
The quality of patient care is positively impacted through the use of clinical decision support (CDS) consisting of rules and alerts to manage the breadth of information within the EHR. This may be drug-allergy checking or advisories for management of certain conditions
Ethical Decision Making
refers to the process of making informed choices about ethical dilemmas based on a set of standards differentiating right from wrong. An ethical model for ethical decision making (Box 5-1) facilitates the ability to analyze the dilemma and synthesize the information into a plan of action
Ethical Decision Making Model
Examine the ethical dilemma (conflicting values exist).
Thoroughly comprehend the possible alternatives available.
Hypothesize ethical arguments.
Investigate, compare, and evaluate the arguments for each alternative.
Choose the alternative you would recommend.
Act on your chosen alternative.
Look at the ethical dilemma and examine the outcomes while reflecting on the ethical decision.
Bioethical Standards
the study and formulation of healthcare ethics. Autonomy, nonmaleficence, justice, beneficence, freedom, confidentiality? takes on relevant ethical problems experienced by healthcare providers in the provision of care to individuals and groups.
The nature and needs of humans as living, thinking beings
The purpose and function of the healthcare system in a human society
An increased cultural awareness of human beings' essential moral status
Telehealth
wide range of health services that are delivered by telecommunications-ready tools, such as the telephone, videophone, and computer.
Driving Forces of Telehealth
demographics; nursing and healthcare worker shortages; chronic diseases and conditions; the new, educated consumers; and excessive costs of healthcare services that are increasing in need and kind.
Medical Applications
At the current time, the most common types of these applications, or apps, are not regulated by the FDA because they are not defined as medical devices. An app is defined as a medical device and may be subject to regulation by the FDA if "the intended use of a mobile app is for the diagnosis of a disease or other conditions, or the cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, or if it is intended to affect the structure or function of the body of man
Medical Devices
...
FDA Oversight for Medical Devices
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a division of USDHHS, is responsible for regulating medical devices to ensure public safety. Another federal regulatory agency with a role in the privacy and security of healthcare data is the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA oversees the safety of medical devices, which includes addressing the management of cybersecurity risks and hospital network security
Privacy
n important issue related to personal information, about the owner or about other individuals, that focuses on sharing this information with others electronically and the mechanisms that restrict access to this personal information.
Confidentiality
The mandate that all personal information be safeguarded by ensuring that access is limited to only those who are authorized to view that information.
Cyber Security
the body of technologies, processes and practices designed to protect networks, computers, programs and data from attack, damage or unauthorized access
Computer-aided translator
...
HIPPA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
ensures portability of insurance for individuals moving from one job to another, legal protection for PHI, and mandates standards for the electronic data interchange of healthcare data for encounter and claims information, and was intended to simplify the claims submission process by eliminating paper claims.
ICD-10 Coding
1. implementation tentatively set for Oct 2015
2. allow greater specificity of codes
3. alignment with world wide coding practice
The most common code sets used are the diagnostic and procedural coding or classification systems. The oldest and most established system is the ICD, which is promulgated and maintained by the World Health Organization (WHO). T
Evaluation and Management Coding
... [Show Less]