Diabetic complications
kidney failure, nontraumatic limb amputation, adult blindness, heart disease, stroke. (DKA) and (HHS) are two life-threatening
... [Show More] complications with diabetes are complications
Glucose Production and Release
glucose found in carbohydrates, stores in the liver released in bloodstream, for constant source of energy are
Insulin Release in Type I Diabetes
high glucose in blood, stimulate beta cells- release insulin, Insulin stops the release of glucose, small amount stores in liver, beta cells damaged/destroyed no insulin produced are
Systemic Insulin and Glucose in Type I Diabetes
low insulin production, low insulin and high glucose in their blood are
Glucose Absorption in Type I Diabetes
Insulin is needed for glucose to enter cells for energy, insulin binds to receptors on the cell surface, initiates glucose transporters to open and glucose to flow into the cell. low insulin prevents enough glucose from entering the cell. Glucose remains in bloodstream not for energy, patients are fatigue, exhaustion, and dizziness.
Glucose Absorption in Type II Diabetes=
Due to insulin resistance and resulting hyperglycemia, patients with type 2 diabetes increased thirst or hunger, fatigue, blurry vision, and slow-healing wounds.
Beta-blocker for thyroid storm
Given to reduce sympathetic stimulation-Primary agents include: (Esmolol IV for rapid titation; Bisoprolol PO)
Thionamide for thyroid storm
Given to correct hyperthyroid state (High-dose methimazole or PTU)
Iodine compounds for thyroid storm
Blocks release of thyroid hormones, given 1 hour after starting antithyroid therapy (SSKI or Lugol's iodine drops)
Glucocorticoids for thyroid storm
Decreases conversion of T4 to T3 (IV hydrocortisone or dexamethasone)
Meds for thyroid storm
Beta-blocker, Thioamides, Iodine compounds, and Glucocorticoids are meds for
PTU
the antithyroid medication of choice in pregnant pts is
glucocorticoids and iodine
meds for thyroid storm, they do not need to be continued once the emergent situation is resolved.
Hypothyroidism s/s
underproduction of the hormone thyroxine (T4), body's metabolism slows down, symptoms- fatigue, depressed mood, slow heart rate, constipation, weight gain, and irregular menstrual periods. >women and family history is
Somogyi effect and dawn phenomenon
Elevated blood glucose levels are seen at 0700 with
metformin
Monotherapy with ? is the drug of choice when initiating drug therapy in a type 2 diabetic according to all clinical practice guidelines.
lifestyle recommendations for DM
Weight loss, Regular exercise, Medical nutrition therapy (nutritionist), , Adequate sleep, ,Smoking cessation, Behavioral support groups, Diabetic educator are consider for
DKA symptoms
polyuria & polydipsia, weakness/fatigue, nausea & vomiting, Kussmaul respirations, altered loc, fruity breath
DKA labs results
hyperglycemia (usually > 300 mg/dL), ketonuria, metabolic acidosis, high anion gap, elevated hematocrit, azotemia,
Pathology of HHS
intracellular dehydration, complication of T2DM, hyperglycemia, osmotic diuresis, and extracellular fluid depletion, due to non-compliance or "stretch" their medication is the
HHS symptoms [Show Less]