Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) common pathogens - S. pneumoniae,
Mycoplasma spp., H. influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus
First line treatment of
... [Show More] CAP for previously healthy adults - Amoxicillin (PCN),
Doxycycline, and Macrolides (Azithromycin).
What to give if first drug didn't work for CAP - If resistance is suspected —
Levaquin (Fluroquinolones)
Treatment for M. Pneumoniae in pediatric patient (Specific/example antibiotic
from drug class will be provided)0 - Macrolides- Erythromycin, clarithromycin,
azithromycin because of potential SE of other drugs
Treatment of CAP in pregnancy - Macrolides-erythromycin, PCN-amoxicillin,
cephalosporins
If someone has been treated with an antibiotic in the previous 90 days of
contracting CAP, a quinolone would be a prudent choice to prescribe such as: -
Floxacin, cipro, ofloxacin, levofloxacin(fluoroquinolones)
Treatment of chlamydial pneumonia in infant (options will include dose, but if you
know the correct drug, the dose will come with it on the exam so no need to
memorize dose): - Macrolide-Erythromycin 12.5mg/kg PO QUID x 14 days
When to use broad-spectrum agents - Commonly used for empiric therapy when
the pathogen is unknown or infection with multiple types of bacteria is suspected.
When to use narrow-spectrum agents - Used when infecting pathogen is unknown.
What are empiric antibiotics - Starting treatment without cultures or prior to
receiving results.
When to prescribe empiric antibiotics - Critically ill, hospitalized patients until
culture results return, ambulatory patients, combination therapy.
How to treat c-diff - 10 days of oral vancomycin or metronidazole (flagyl).Drug class known for ALL drugs in class to promote development of C. Diff - 2nd
and 3rd generation Cephalosporins
PCN cross-sensitivity reactions with which drug classes: - Cephalosporins or
carbapenems
Prescribing PCN in pregnancy - Safe throughout pregnancy - safe to use in
breastfeeding, amoxicillin most safe
Cephalosporins patient education - Report increase in stool frequency (concern for
c-diff)
Prescribing cephalosporins in pregnancy - Safe throughout pregnancy
Tetracyclines patient education - Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight, wear
protective clothing, apply sunscreen, report promptly any diarrhea.
Prescribing tetracyclines in pregnancy - Contraindicated
Macrolides patient education - Avoid exposure to sunlight, wear protective
clothing and apply sunscreen.Report promptly any diarrhea.
Aminoglycosides patient education - Report symptoms of ototoxicity (H/A,
nausea, tinnitus, vertigo) and toxicity to kidneys.
Sulfaonamides patient education - Complete the course of treatment even though
symptoms may abate before the full course is over. Drink 8-10 glasses of water a
day to decrease risk of crystal urea.Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight, wear
protective clothing, apply sunscreen, avoid tanning beds to prevent photosensitivity
reactions. Observe for alterations that may indicate hypersensitivity like a rash and
hold if occur.Inform of early signs of blood dycrasias (sore throat, fever, pallor).
Report promptly if they occur.
Prescribing sulfonamides in pregnancy - Contraindicated for nursing mothers,
pregnant women in 1st trimester or near term (after 32 weeks)
Gentamicin renal adjustments - Should be reduced or the dosing interval should be
increased to prevent toxicity. [Show Less]