How to confirm a diagnosis of DM before beginning treatment: --CORRECT ANSWER:
Fasting plasma glucose above 126. A random plasma glucose of over 200
... [Show More] plus symptoms of
diabetes, an oral glucose tolerance test of two hours, plasma glucose of over 200, or an A1C
higher than 6.5.
A1c general goals --CORRECT ANSWER: <7, patients that experience severe
hypoglycemia/have a limited life expectancy may have an A1C goal of <8.
A1c older adults --CORRECT ANSWER: <8, those with multiple coexisting chronic illnesses,
cognitive impairment or functional dependence should have less stringent glycemic goals such
as <8.0-8.5.
When should insulin be considered? --CORRECT ANSWER: For treatment of persistent
hyperglycemia starting at a threshold of >180.
Early introduction of insulin should be considered if there is evidence of ongoing weight loss, if
symptoms of hyperglycemia are present, or whena1c levels >10% or BGS >300
At what time interval should A1c be re-checked?
How often should an A1C be monitored when stable or when unstable? --CORRECT ANSWER:
Every 2-3 months and a max of 4 times a year. If <7, every 6 months.
At least two times a year if meeting goals and quarterly if meds have changed or not meeting
goals.
Action of Insulin --CORRECT ANSWER: Anabolic, energy conservation, promotes cellular
growth and division.
Pioglitazone contraindications: --CORRECT ANSWER: Heart failure (severe = no, mild =
caution) and bladder cancer. Causes fluid retention.
GLP-1 (abbreviation and examples) --CORRECT ANSWER: Glucagon-like Peptide -
Subcutaneous injections - Dulaglutide (Trulicity), Semaglutide (Ozempic), Liraglutide (Victoza).
SGLT2i (abbreviation and examples) --CORRECT ANSWER: Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2
Inhibitors - Canagliflozin (Invokana), Dapagliflozin (Farxiga), Empagliflozin (Jardiance).
DPP4-I (abbreviation and examples) --CORRECT ANSWER: Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors
- Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin, Linagliptin, Alogliptin. [Show Less]