NR503 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE GRADED 2023/2024 POPUATION HEALTH PROJECTS RESEARCH FOR NURSING
Social Justice as it relates to health
... [Show More] equity - CORRECT ANSWER-social justice is the distribution of wealth and opportunities across a population. The more wealth and opportunities, the higher quality the health care, the more access to different modalities of health care and generally, the better the outcomes
What is the evidence-based provision treatment guideline? - CORRECT ANSWER-the basic idea is that nurses and practitioners can contribute to cost-effective and efficient care through the provision of evidenced based treatment guidelines. nurses and practitioners should also advocate for policies that address underlying factors of health and healthcare. Must become politically active, push for change. Advocacy!
Vital Statistics Data: examples and why are they used - CORRECT ANSWER-- births, deaths, marriage, divorce, fetal deaths, induced termination of pregnancy
- stats that provide important outcome measures that APN can monitor and compare over time
Mortality vs. Morbidity
What are social determinants of these?
What APN do to reduce infant mortality? - CORRECT ANSWER-Mortality: death rates
Morbidity: illness rates
- mortality is how many die from the disease/infection
- morbidity is how many people get the infection
socioeconomic status, housing security
CDC/NCHS reports mortality and infant mortality data
infant mortality: health of population having kids, vaccination rates, educational seminars, increasing # of providers,
Incidence vs. Prevalence of disease - CORRECT ANSWER-Incidence = frequency at which a disease appears in a population at a given time. The rate at which they occur, ex., 50 cases of botulism in 2010 in Alaska.
Prevalence = Proportion of a population that is affected by a disease at a certain time - ex., prevalence of lupus in women living in Illinois in 2010.
Risk Analysis - what is it? what is the purpose? - CORRECT ANSWER- process that assesses the likelihood and potential consequences of various health-related hazards. The goal is to make better decisions and allocate resources better to mitigate those risks from occurring. Identify, understand and prioritize health threats
Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER-Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people.
factors that affect disease distribution - CORRECT ANSWER-genetic, environmental, social, cultural, individual disease distribution within populations and the risk factors that affect (increase or decrease) the distributions
actions
Determinants of health - CORRECT ANSWER-the range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status
social determinants of health - CORRECT ANSWER-The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, shaped by the distribution of money, power, and resources at global, national, and local levels
- social determinants are mostly responsible for health inequities
Campaign for Action - CORRECT ANSWER-Organization that improves access to care, fosters interprofessional operation, promote nursing leader ship, transform's nursing education, increase is diversity in nursing, collect workforce data
primary, secondary, tertiary - CORRECT ANSWER-primary: prevention of disease
- vaccines, health education, lifestyle modifications secondary: detection and treatment at early stage
- screening, early dx, prompt treatment
ex: mammograms, bone density, blood work, BP checks,
tertiary: manage and prevent further complications or disability, implemented during middle and late stages
- cardiac rehab, physical therapy, medication regime
Healthy People 2020 - CORRECT ANSWER-Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.
Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages.
Screening Tests
- what are they?
- how to test their usefulness? - CORRECT ANSWER-identify disease early so that an intervention or treatment can be initiated in the hopes of lessening the morbidity or mortality of the disease
screening useful in asymptomatic individuals to prevent further transmission
- sensitive enough to detect most cases and specific enough to limit the number of false positives. also want the test to be cost effective
Sensitivity vs. Specificity - CORRECT ANSWER-Sensitivity = proportion of individuals that are accurately identified as possessing condition
Specificity = proportion of individuals correctly identified as not having condition
descriptive epidemiology
- what is it? what does it aim to answer?
- name 4 types - CORRECT ANSWER-- used to describe the distribution of disease and other health related states in terms of; personal characteristics, geographical distribution, and time
- case reports, case series, cross sectional studies and correlation studies
- used to help APRNs measure mortality and prognosis
- aims to answer the 5 Ws - who, what, when, where, why
epidemiological triangle
- what is it used for?
- what are the 3 aspects? - CORRECT ANSWER-- A model used to determine the cause of a disease
- causative agent, susceptible host, environment
- a change in any of the 3 (causative agent, susceptible host and environment) can lead to disease
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case-control study vs cohort study - CORRECT ANSWER-Case-control - Retrospective only, comapres patient swho have a disease or outcome to patients who do not have a disease or outcome and looks back retrospectively to compare exposure to a risk factor
(Looking for risk factor exposure in pts with known outcomes)
-case control looks back at risk factors to determine how the known outcome was caused
- one group has the outcome (case). other group does not (control)
Cohort - Follows a group of people (cohort) over time and the outcomes are compared to a subset of the group who did not get/were not exposed to the intervention, can be prospective or retrospective
(Looking for outcomes in patients with predefined exposure to risk factor or disease state)
- looks at exposures to determine the outcomes
- track the incidence in disease b/w exposed and NONexposed
- can look at multiple outcomes from a singular exposure, outcome is known before study begins
- relative risk is used here
randomized control trials - CORRECT ANSWER-- research designed to determine the effectiveness of a new medication or form of therapy, in which people with a given problem or disorder are randomly assigned to one or more treatment groups or to a control group
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Action model to achieve healthy people goals - CORRECT ANSWER-MAP- IT
Mobilize, Assess, Plan, Implement, Track
Kleinman Explanatory Model of Illness - CORRECT ANSWER-What do you think about your problem?
Why do you think it started when it did?
What do you think your sickness does to you? How sever is your sickness?
Do you think it will last a long time, or will it be better soon in your opinion? What are the chief problems your sickness has caused you?
What do you fear most about your sickness?Whatkind of treatment do you think you should receive?
What are the most important results you hope to get from treatment?
Triple Aim of Healthcare - CORRECT ANSWER-1. access
2. quality
3. cost of care
period prevalence rate - CORRECT ANSWER-The TOTAL number of cases or instances of disease/health-related condition during a specified period of time divided by the population at risk of having the disease or condition during that period
Odds Ratio (OR) - CORRECT ANSWER-The odds that an individual with a prognostic (risk) factor had an outcome of interest as compared to the odds for an individual without the prognostic (risk) factor [Show Less]