Cardiovascular Drugs
Chamberlain College of Nursing NR293 Final Review Sheet
• Antianginals: Nitroglycerin
▪ 3 tablets every 5 minutes x15
... [Show More] minutes
▪ Call 911 after 1st tab
▪ Do not take with ED drugs (sildenafil=Viagra)
• Antidysrhythmics: Digoxin Including norm digoxin levels as well as signs and symptoms of Digoxin Toxicity
▪ Therapeutic 0.5-2.0
▪ Toxicity: affects colored vison, halos, low potassium (hypokalemia)
▪ Always check pulse, hold if HR below 60
▪ Antidote: digibind
• Antihypertensive: Calcium Channel Blockers, ACE inhibitors, Nonselective Beta Blockers, Beta Blockers (Metoprolol, Atenolol) Including pathophysiology indications
▪ Calcium Channel Blockers
▪ ACE inhibitors
▪ Beta blockers -LOL
▪ Non selective beta blockers: Timolol
• Glaucoma
• Decreases aqueous humor production, decrease IOP
• Hold gentle pressure on the nasolacrimal duct 30-60 seconds after application overdose can cause systemic effects
• Antilipemics: Statins
▪ Cholesterol, lowers LDL
▪ Diet and exercise first medication
▪ Adverse effects: Rhabdomyolysis = muscle weakness, tea colored urine
▪ Take them in the evening for natural rhythm
▪ No warfarin or grapefruit
• Diuretics:
o Loop: Furosemide “Furiously getting rid of sodium and water”
▪ Lasik/Bumex
▪ Quick acting emergency
▪ Lithium toxicity (low sodium)
▪ Hypokalemia (low potassium)
▪ Push slowly ototoxicity
▪ Give early in the morning
▪ Check weight daily, same time, same clothes
•
o Potassium Sparing: Spironolactone
▪ Aldactone
▪ Hyperkalemia - avoid foods high in potassium/salt substitutes (licorice)
▪ Interferes with lithium, NSAIDS, ACE
▪ Irregular menses, post-menopausal bleeding, impotence
o Thiazide: Hydrocholorthiazide
▪ Similar to LOOP but NOT QUICK acting
▪ Hypokalemia/ hypoglycemia
▪ Blurred vision, impotence
o Mannitol (Osmitrol) IV only
▪ Intracranial pressure
▪ Increased ocular pressure
▪ Adverse: convulsions, pulmonary congestion
▪ Contraindications: IC bleeding
• Antiemetics – nausea/vomiting
o Ondansetron - Zofran
▪ Before chemo, radiation, post op, pregnant morning sickness
▪ Sudden cardiac death
▪ Extra pyramidal movements – tardive dyskinesia (excessive movements of
eyes, lips or face)
▪ IV or PO (dissolves under tongue)
o Metoclopramide – Reglan
▪ Facilitates peristalsis
▪ Extra pyramidal symptoms – tardive dyskinesia (excessive movements of
eyes, lips or face)
▪ Causes drowsiness/sedation – don’t drive
• Laxatives:
o Docusate
o Bisacodyl
o Lactulose– Cephulac
▪ Decrease ammonia levels and improve mental status
▪ For people with liver enlargement/liver failure
▪ Take with full glass of water
▪ Increase motility and fiber
▪ Nursing: check ammonia levels 1 hour after administration
o Herbal Supplements used for Constipation
▪ Senna
• Vitamins & Mineral Supplements:
o Calcium -
Endocrine Drugs
• Antidiabetics:
o Insulin
▪ Rapid acting: lispro
• Onset: 5-15 minutes
• Peak: 30 mins to 1 hour
• Always give with food
▪ Short acting: regular insulin – Humulin R
• Onset: 30 minutes – 1 hour
• Peak: 2.5 hours
• Give to DKA
▪ Intermediate: NPH
• Onset: 1-2 hours
• Peak: 4-12 hours
• Can combine with regular insulin
▪ Long acting: glargine – Lantus
• Onset: 1-2 hours
• NO PEAK
• Duration: 24 hours
• Never mix!!
▪ Glucagon and Dextrose 50 = emergency hypoglycemia
▪ Never shake, always roll
o
o Oral Anti-diabetic
▪ Metformin – Glucophage (MOA liver)
• Type 2 diabetes
• Stop taking 24 hours before surgery/procedure
• Don’t take 48 hours after surgery/procedure
• Take with food
• Lactic acidosis (diarrhea, dizzy, hypotension, brady, weakness),
metallic taste, weight loss
• Does NOT cause hypoglycemia
• Can take with B12 vitamin
▪ Sulfonylurea – glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide (MOA pancreas)
• Type 2 diabetes only
• Increases insulin release from pancreas
• Hypoglycemia, photosensitivity, joint pain, weight gain
Thyroid drugs:
o Levothyroxine – Synthroid (synthetic T3 and T4)
▪ For hypothyroidism can lead to hyperthyroidism
▪ Monitor T4 and TSH labs
▪ Take before breakfast on empty stomach (6 am is best time)
▪ Life long treatment no cure
o PTU
▪ For Graves disease hyperthyroidism decrease production of thyroid hormone
▪ Report sore throat immediately impending thyroid storm
o RAI (radioactive iodine)
▪
• Corticosteroids
▪ Monitor glucose level
o Solu-medrol
o Prednisone/Prednisolone
▪ Respiratory
▪ Auto immune and inflammatory disorders
▪ Side effects: bone loss, weight gain/fluid retention, HYPERglycemia,
HYPOkalemia, infection, muscle weakness, peptic ulcer disease, adrenal gland suppression
▪ Monitor for signs of infection
▪ Stress = additional doses
▪ Taper, do not stop abruptly
▪ No NSAIDS
o Dexamethasone
Womens/Mens Health Drugs
• Erectile Dysfunction Drugs: Sildenafil = viagra
o Adverse: Myocardial infarction
o Prolonged erection
o Do not take with nitrates
• Oral contraceptives usage
o Increase blot clots
o Don’t smoke
• Bisphosphonates: Alendronate (Fosamax)
o Osteoporosis post-menopausal women, pagets disease
o Side effects: esophagitis, gi upset, joint/jaw pain
o Sit upright or stand for 30 minutes after
o Take on empty stomach with water
o Add vit d and calcium into diet
Ophthalmic Drugs
• Mydriatics: dilates pupil
o Safety protect eyes limited vision = FALL RISK
• Miotics: constricts pupil
o Use for glaucoma
o Relieves pressure on optic nerve
Non selective beta blockers: Timolol
• Glaucoma
• Decreases aqueous humor production, decrease IOP
• Hold gentle pressure on the nasolacrimal duct 30-60 seconds after application overdose can cause systemic effects
DRUG Categories:
CNS drugs
• Opioids/Pain Management:
o Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
o Morphine
o Oxycodone (Percocet)
o Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
o Fentanyl (Duragesic)
o Aspirin and NSAIDs: Ketorelac (Toradol)
• Muscle Relaxants: Baclofen, Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) Education and Teaching
• Neuromuscular blockers/Anesthetics: Nalbuphine (Nubain)
• Cholinergics: Tensilon
• Antiepileptics: Depakote (Valproic Acid) (, Keppra (Levicteractam) , Dilantin (Phenytoin)
CNS/Psychotherapeutic Drugs:
• Stimulants: Amphetamine (Adderall)
• Antidepressants: SSRIs: Fluoxetine (Prozac)
• Antipsychotics: Clozapine (Clozaril), Haloperidol (Haldol)
Musculoskeletal Drugs
• Osteoporosis tx: Miacalcin
Respiratory drugs
• Montelukast (Singulair) Used to prevent asthma attacks; not used to treat acute attacks
• Albuterol : Used to treat acute attacks ie Wheezing, respiratory distress
• Atrovent (Ipratropium)
• Theophylline/Aminophylline
• Cromolyn
• Anticongestants/Antitussives/Expectorants
• Bronchodilators/Inhaled corticosteroids Beclamethasone
Anti-infectives
• Antibiotics:
o Tetracycline
o Cephalosporin’s
o Metronidazole (Flagyl)
o Piperacillin + tazobactam (Zosyn)
• Vancomycin
• Ceftriaxone
• Sulfa drugs: Bactrim (SMZ-TMP)
Drugs for treating UTI:
o Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin)
o Pyridium
• Antivirals: HSV and hepatitis tx
• HIV Drugs: Protease inhibitors
• Antitufungals: Terbinafine (Lamisil)
• Antituberculars: Rifampin
• Antihelminthics: Vermox
GI drugs
• GERD/PUD Tx:
o Sucralfate (Carafate)
o Aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel)
Acid-controlling drugs:
• Antacids (along vs. combination) indication, contraindication, Aluminum salts/Magnesium salts/Calcium Salts/Sodium Bicarbonate
• Blocking drugs (H2 receptor antagonists):” tidine” cimetidine
• Proton pump inhibitors: “ prazole” omeprazole ( Prilosec); Pantoprazole (Protonix)
Miscellaneous acid-controlling drugs:
• Sucralfate- Coats the GI tract
• Misoprostol
• simethicone
• Laxatives:
o Bulk-forming
o Enulose (Lactulose),
• Vitamins & Mineral Supplements:
o Iron
o Vitamin C
o Vitamin D
HAART
Retrovirals Zidovudine
Antidotes
Flumazenil (Romazicon) Protamine Sulfate Vitamin K
Naloxone (Narcan)
Glaucoma
Propine—Mydriatric effect Pilocarpine—miotic effect
Please Use Previous Study/Review guides given prior to Exams. This is a Cumulative final [Show Less]