NR228
NR228 Nutrition Health and Wellness Nutritional Assessment for Elementary School-Aged Children.
Nutritional
... [Show More] Assessment for Elementary School-Aged Children
Chamberlain College of Nursing
NR228 Nutrition Health and Wellness
OUTLINE OF SPEAKER’S NOTES
● Introduction
○ We chose two Elementary schools for this analysis and evaluation. One school is located in the South and one school is located in the West. The purpose of this evaluation and analysis is to compare nutritional values in the foods the school cafeteria serves to its students. We have created more healthy options for menu choices after finishing our evaluation and analysis.
○ Speaker’s notes: This presentation is an evaluation and analysis of two elementary schools and the nutritional food options their cafeteria’s offer to their students. One school is located in the South and one school is located in the west. A new and improved menu was created after the evaluation and analysis to offer healthier choices for the students.
● Cultural Influences in Food: The South
○ In the South Soul Food is the main Cultural dishes in the south.
○ Traditional Southern dishes include fried chicken, collard greens, mashed potatoes, cornbread and sweet tea.
○ A big cultural tradition in the south are “Sunday DInners” where family gets together and cooks big meals of traditional southern food.
○ Black-eyed peas, mustard greens, turnips, okra and kale are all traditional home grown vegetables.
○ These staples in the traditional Southern cuisine date back to the times of low economic growth and the beginning of the southern traditions.
○ Speaker’s notes: Usually when people think of food from the southern states, the term soul food comes to mind. Soul food is delicious fried chicken, mash potatoes with gravy, macaroni and cheese and perhaps some collard greens. A big breakfast example and staple of the southern states is biscuits and gravy. These comfort foods are a big in the south along with a lot of other fried types of food such as hushpuppies (fried cornmeal), fried okra, fried catfish, crawfish, boudain sausage and some dirty rice. Some of the common Southern vegetables are corn, okra, black eyed peas and collard greens. These vegetables are cooked and prepared in ways that are not very healthy for preschool children much less adults and should not be a part of their daily diet. Fruits such as peaches, oranges, watermelon and apples are grown in the southern states which are healthy but are not being utilized by the daycare as a fresh fruit option. Favorite drinks in the south are ice tea loaded with sugar and Soda that was invented across many of the southern states. The south continues to produce and consume the most soda. Fried seems to be a trend which as we know is not the healthiest way to cook and eat food. A lot of times in family homes in the southern states you can expect large quantities of food during a meal time because large families are not uncommon. Either are family gatherings where everyone comes to eat. Crawfish boil is a good example of this. The stereotype southern comfort foods that are mostly fried are not good choices for kid’s menus, as we know fried foods lead to a lot of health problems. Main one is obesity. But a suggestion could be instead of fried chicken, make it grilled chicken. Instead of mash potatoes, we can trade the regular starchy potatoes for sweet potatoes and incorporate more fresh fruits and veggies that are grown in the region.
○ Loni Smith
○ Refrences
○ Davis, J. (2015, October 12). Food in Every Country. Retrieved May 29, 2016, from http://www.foodbycountry.com/
○ Southern Food Primer. (N.d). Retrieved May 29, 2016, from https://www.southernfoodways.org/scholarship/southern-food-primer/
● Southern Demographics
White/Caucasian African American American Indian Asian Hispanic or Latino Foreign born persons
Percentage in Arizona 70.2% 19.7% 0.5% 6.5% 9% 11.6%
Evangelical Protestant 76% 6% 11% 5%
Catholic 59% 34%
Hindu 4% 91%
Jewish 90% 4%
Mormon 85% 8%
Orthodox Christian 81% 8% 6%
○ United States Census Bureau. (2015, July 1). “Arizona.” Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/04
○ Pew Research Center. (2016). “Racial and ethnic composition.” Retrieved from http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/racial-and-ethnic-composition/
○ Speaker’s notes: For the purpose of this presentation, the school chosen for the Southern hemisphere is located in Hiltons, Virginia. The demographics for Virginia consist primarily of Caucasian and African American ethnicities. The cultural considerations associated with these groups are primarily Evangelical Protestant, Jewish, mormon, and Orthodox Christian. School menus should reflect the religious dietary restrictions of these groups.
■ References:
■ United States Census Bureau. (2015, July 1). “Arizona.” Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/04
■ Pew Research Center. (2016). “Racial and ethnic composition.” Retrieved from http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/racial-and-ethnic-composition/
● Hiltons Elementary School-present menu
○ Located in Hiltons, Va. in the county of Scott
○ Provides breakfast and lunch
○ Dinner is not available
○ Speaker’s notes: This elementary school is located in Hilton,Va. In the county of Scott and was established in 1921. Hilton’s elementary is a public school and grades range from K thru 6 with 180 students enrolled. Student per teacher ratio is11. Scott County Public Schools inspires and empowers students to achieve high academic standards and to lead ethical lives to become responsible citizens.
■ Reference:
■ Hilton Elementary School. (2011). Hilton elementary: Leading the way. Retrieved July 24, 2016, from http://web.scott.k12.va.us/hilton/Internet_Safety.htm
● Southern Replacement Menu
○ Breakfast
■ 1 egg scrambled
■ 1 slice of bacon
■ 1 slice whole grain toast
■ 1% reduced milk
○ Lunch
■ Whole grain spaghetti w/turkey meatballs
■ Apple & peach slices
■ 8 oz of water
■ 1% reduced milk
○ Speaker’s notes: The current menu of Hiltons Elementary School consists of carb-loaded fats and sugars. No vegetables are in the breakfast or lunch meal plans. Instead, it is butter, oil, sugar, salt, and cheese. This does not satisfy the elementary child’s nutritional needs and promotes unhealthiness and obesity. The revised portion is much better. It includes protein, grains, milk, fruit, and water. This revision cuts out a lot of fat, oil, salt, and sugar while still sticking to the Southern soul-food feel with the spaghetti and meatballs. Furthermore, it reflects religious consideration within the menu.
● Food Practices of the Western USA
● Western USA Diet
○ Fish
○ Poultry
○ Wild game
○ Beef grains turkey
○ Asian foods
○ Mexican foods
○ Speaker’s notes: The Western USA has a great combination of coastline and country. Farming, fishing, and hunting make for a variety of traditional dishes including deer hamburgers, honey glazed salmon, and chicken pot pies. The Western diet includes fish, poultry, wild game, beef, grains, turkey, Asian foods, and Mexican foods. As with the rest of the United states, the western diet is riddled with too much salt sugar and fat.
● Western Demographics
White/Caucasian African American American Indian Asian Hispanic or Latino Foreign born persons
Percentage in Arizona 83.5% 4.8% 5.3% 3.4% 30.7% 13.5%
Evangelical Protestant 76% 6% 11% 5%
Catholic 59% 34%
Hindu 4% 91%
Jewish 90% 4%
Mormon 85% 8%
Orthodox Christian 81% 8% 6%
○ United States Census Bureau. (2015, July 1). “Arizona.” Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/04
○ Pew Research Center. (2016). “Racial and ethnic composition.” Retrieved from http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/racial-and-ethnic-composition/
○ Speaker’s notes: For the purpose of this presentation, the school chosen for the Western hemisphere is located in Glendale, Arizona. The demographics for Arizona consist primarily of Caucasian, African American, American Indian, Asian, Hispanic/Latino, and foreign born persons with Caucasians and Hispanics being the highest percentages. The cultural considerations associated with these groups are primarily evangelical protestant, Catholic, Hindu, mormon, Jewish, and Orthodox Christian. For our majority demographics in Arizona, Caucasians are majorly Jewish or Mormon; whereas, Hispanics are majorly Catholic. For Arizona demographics, school menus should reflect the religious dietary restrictions of these groups.
■ References:
■ United States Census Bureau. (2015, July 1). “Arizona.” Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/04
■ Pew Research Center. (2016). “Racial and ethnic composition.” Retrieved from http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/racial-and-ethnic-composition/
● Religious Conscious Menus
○ Dietary Restrictions:
■ Mormon: No caffeinated beverages such as tea or coffee and only small portions of meat
■ Jewish: meat from animals without cloven hooves, any sea creatures without scales, cannot eat a meal with meat and milk together in it
■ Catholic: meat restricted during certain times of the year
■ People of Our Everyday Life. (2016). “Dietary beliefs of Mormons.” Retrieved from http://peopleof.oureverydaylife.com/dietary-beliefs-mormons-3812.html
■ Jewish Virtual Library. (2016). “Jewish dietary laws: overview of laws and regulations.” Retrieved from http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/kashrut.html
○ Speaker’s notes: The religious conscious menus for our Arizona school should pertain to Mormon, Jewish, and Catholic diet restrictions. In the Mormon religion, caffein is not permitted and meat is only allowed in moderation. The Jewish diet does not allow meat from animals without cloven hooves, any sea creatures without scales, and meals cannot have meat and milk together. Furthermore, Catholicism restricts meat during certain times of the year. In consideration of these restrictions, it would be wise to always have a vegetarian menu because this satisfies all 3 religions. Additionally, meat from fish, chicken, turkey, and cows are the safest, religious conscious choices. Milk is a great addition as a snack or at mealtime due to its calcium nutritional value; however, it cannot be mixed in with the main, meat meal. For example, a meat with a sauce containing milk is would violate the Jewish diet. So, while milk is essential for our elementary kids’ diet, it must be provided either on the side as a beverage or in side dishes. In this way, people have a choice to avoid milk with their meat meals.
■ Jewish Virtual Library. (2016). “Jewish dietary laws: overview of laws and regulations.” Retrieved from http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/kashrut.html
■ People of Our Everyday Life. (2016). “Dietary beliefs of Mormons.” Retrieved from http://peopleof.oureverydaylife.com/dietary-beliefs-mormons-3812.html
● Sonoran Sky Elementary School-present menu
○ Located in Glendale,Arizona
○ Founded in 2001
○ School provides Breakfast and Lunch but no snacks.
○ Speaker’s notes: This elementary school is located in Glendale, Az. in the county of Maricopa and was established in 2001. Sonoran Sky is a public school and grades range from K thru 8 with 700 enrolled. Student per teacher ratio is 14. According to state standards, 68% of students at this school are considered proficient in math and/or reading. Racial makeup is:Hispanic (58.5%) White (24.6) Black (10.1) with 62.4% of students receiving a free or discounted lunch.
■ Reference:
■ Pendergast Elementary School District. (2015). Sonoran sky elementary school. Retrieved July 24, 2016, from http://www.pesd92.org/sonoransky/
● Western Replacement Menu
○ Breakfast
■ 1 cup oatmeal
■ 1 cup fresh fruit
■ 1% reduced milk
○ Lunch
■ Grilled chicken sandwich w/ lettuce and tomato on a whole grain bun
■ 1 cup steamed peas and carrots
■ 8 oz water & 1% reduced milk
○ Speaker’s notes: The current menu of Sonoran Sky Elementary School consists primarily of sugar, fat, and salt. While the menu options do provide milk for supplemental calcium, it lacks protein, whole grains, fruits, other dairy products, and vegetables. The revised menu offers fiber through oatmeal, fresh fruit, vegetables, dairy, protein in the chicken, and water. This is a much better option for elementary school children. Instead of overloading the kids with sugar, the vegetables provide them with sustaining, complex carbs. Furthermore, this meal plan is respectful of prominent Western religions and leaves the milk on the side for Jewish requirements.
● Potential Provision Barriers
○ Cultural & Ethnicity
■ Traditional & customary foods
○ Socioeconomic
■ Single Parent Household
■ Low income household
○ Knowledge & Motivation
■ The lack of
○ Speaker’s notes: Three potential barriers to prevent healthy meals for this age group are:
■ Cultural and Ethnicity Barriers: Children’s dietary practices are influenced by their developmental stage, marked with the years between 2 and 6. Children are taught what foods to eat by the example of what their parents feed them and it affects their eating habits. Friends and relatives are generally not supportive in dietary changes. Barriers to eating a healthful diet include no sense of urgency, the social and cultural symbolism of certain foods, the bland taste and expense of “healthy” foods. Lack of information in nutrition is a factor as well, such as information on serving sizes and reading food labels.
■ Socioeconomic Barriers: The most common barrier in this category to eating healthy foods is the cost. Fruits and vegetables are more expensive to purchase and they’re not as satisfying nor as cheap as a hot dog on a bun with macaroni and cheese. Easy access to fast food, and no time to prepare healthy food play a role as well. Many parents work more than one job just to make ends meet leaving no time for home cooked meals, so they drive through a fast food restaurant to save time and feed their children unhealthy meals. Parents like these are usually exhausted by the time they get home so it’s a convenient way to feed their children. This lifestyle makes it difficult to establishing healthy eating habits for the children.
■ The lack of knowledge & motivation: Parents need to have the knowledge and motivation to implement healthy eating. Children are innocent victims of adult ignorance of healthy lifestyles. Some parents say the school is responsible for child nutrition and the school says it’s the parents responsibility. Children have already become addicted to unhealthy foods by the time they reach the age where they can make their own choices. Poor eating habits and the affects it has are ignored by parents. Many live in ignorance, believing there is no harm in high fat diets and excess sugar. They appease their children for now, thinking they will eat differently when they get older without any negative effects.
■ http://www.angelfire.com/biz2/wellandfit/ntrnews2.html
■ References:
■ Caprio, S., Daniels, S. R., Kaufman, F. R., Drewnowski, A., Palinkas, L. A., Rosenbloom, A. L., . . . Kirkman, S. (2008). Influence of race, ethnicity, and culture on childhood obesity: Implications for prevention and treatment. Retrieved July 25, 2016, from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1038/oby.2008.398/full
■ Yeh, M. -C., Ickers, S. B., Lowenstein, L. M., Shuval, K., Ammerman, A. M., Farris, R., & Katz, D. L. (2008). Health promotion international. Retrieved July 25, 2016, from http://heapro.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/1/42.short
References
Caprio, S., Daniels, S. R., Kaufman, F. R., Drewnowski, A., Palinkas, L. A., Rosenbloom, A. L.,
Kirkman, S. (2008). Influence of race, ethnicity, and culture on childhood obesity: Implications for prevention and treatment. Retrieved July 25, 2016, from
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1038/oby.2008.398/full
Hilton Elementary School. (2011). Hilton elementary: Leading the way. Retrieved July 24, 2016,
from http://web.scott.k12.va.us/hilton/Internet_Safety.htm
Jewish Virtual Library. (2016). “Jewish dietary laws: overview of laws and regulations.”
Retrieved from
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/kashrut.html
Pendergast Elementary School District. (2015). Sonoran sky elementary school. Retrieved July
24, 2016, from http://www.pesd92.org/sonoransky/
People of Our Everyday Life. (2016). “Dietary beliefs of Mormons.” Retrieved from
http://peopleof.oureverydaylife.com/dietary-beliefs-mormons-3812.html
Pew Research Center. (2016). “Racial and ethnic composition.” Retrieved from
http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/racial-and-ethnic-composition
United States Census Bureau. (2015, July 1). “Arizona.” Retrieved from
http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/04
Yeh, M. -C., Ickers, S. B., Lowenstein, L. M., Shuval, K., Ammerman, A. M., Farris, R., & Katz,
D. L. (2008). Health promotion international. Retrieved July 25, 2016, from http://heapro.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/1/42.short [Show Less]