• Nutritional needs change throughout our life span
Pregnancy
• All childbearing age women should be well nourished
• Should maintain norm
... [Show More] weight prior to conception
• Expected weight gain for pregnancy 25-35lbs
▪ If underweight number will be higher
▪ If overweight number will be lower
Pregnancy and dietary guidelines
o Avoid: Raw eggs, raw meats, coffee restricted to one cup a day (200mg)
• Vitamin D may be shown that baby will be born with hypercalcemia
• Vitamin E has shown that baby may have feta heart defect
• Vitamin K has shown that baby may have prolonged jaundice
Preeclampsia – Pregnancy induced hypertension w/ proteinuria
• Occurs during 20 weeks of gestation
• Believed to be related to blood vessels in circulation
• In NORMAL pregnancy blood vessels are dilated and send blood to placenta for fetus
o In PREECLAMSIA vessels narrow and limit blood flow to fetus and mother
o When blood flow is restricted it causes heart to work harder and cause HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
• Blood flow to kidneys is also decreased
o Causing decreased function and PROTEINURIA
• Leading cause of premature infants and maternal/fetal death
• Put on hypertension diet – DASH diet
o No coffee, reduce salt, more fruit and veggies
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
• Induced by pregnancy
• Occurs at 24-28 weeks gestation
• If mom has to hx of diabetes, her glucose levels should return back to normal by 6 weeks PP.
• If you develop gestational DM, you’re at high risk for developing again in future pregnancies
• You may also be high risk for developing type 2 DM later in life
• This condition causes maternal blood glucose levels to go up, which brings extra glucose to fetus and will cause higher weight gain to the fetus
• Treatment: (same as type 2 DM) Diet and exercise. More fruits/veggies Maternal Phenylketonuria (PKU)
• Proteins from foods/meats are broken down into amino acids – phenylalanine
• Enzyme PAH will break down phenylalanine
• Without PAH phenylalanine isn’t metabolized by the body
• Phenylalanine is found in protein rich foods
o High: meat, fish, milk, diet soda w/ aspartame
o Low: fruit, veggies
• 1-4g of phenylalanine a day
• Genetic disorder – so mom was born with it. It’s a gene where the mom doesn’t have the PAH enzyme
o So, when pregnancy mom can’t eat excess protein or anything with phenylalanine
• All babies born from mom with PKU, baby should be screened soon after birth
o Can have severe intellectual impairment, microcephaly, seizures
o Prevent baby being born with these issues by educating mom to monitor proteins
Lactation
• 750-1000mL of milk a day
• In order to produce this, amount the women needs to add an additional 500kcl
• Avoiding these foods is recommended bc it may alter taste of milk and baby may reject feedings
o Spicy
o Garlic
o Citrus food
o Cauliflower
o Broccoli
Infancy
• Baby should double weight by 5/6 months and triple in
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