NR222 Exam 1 CH 1, 2, 6, 16, 22|213 Questions with Answers Latest
Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER nurse collects comprehensive data to pertinent to the
... [Show More] patient's health and/or the situation
Diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER nurse analyzes the assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues
Accountability - CORRECT ANSWER responsible professionally and legally for the type and quality of nursing provided, ability to answer for one's own actions
Caregiver - CORRECT ANSWER Helps patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain a maximal level of function and independence through the healing process
patient advocate - CORRECT ANSWER you protect your patient's human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises
educator - CORRECT ANSWER you explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason for routine care activities, demonstrate procedures such as self-care activities, reinforce learning or patient behavior, and evaluate the patient's progress in learning
communicator - CORRECT ANSWER essential to the nurse-patient relationship; it allows you to know your patients including their strengths, weaknesses, and needs
manager - CORRECT ANSWER Coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care and has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit or agency
Florence Nightingale - CORRECT ANSWER Established sanitary nursing care units. Founder of modern nursing. began professional education of nursing.
Clara Barton - CORRECT ANSWER Nurse during the Civil War; founder of the American Red Cross
Mother Bickerdyke - CORRECT ANSWER organized ambulance services and walked abandoned battlefields at night, looking for wounded soldiers.
Mary Mahoney - CORRECT ANSWER First professionally trained African American nurse; brought cultural diversity and respect
Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster - CORRECT ANSWER Opened the Henry Street Settlement, focusing on the health needs of the poor
Mary Nutting - CORRECT ANSWER First Nursing professor at Columbia Teachers College.
Helped move nursing into universities.
health - CORRECT ANSWER A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
health beliefs - CORRECT ANSWER person's ideas, convictions, and attitudes about health and illness. They may be based on factual information or misinformation, common sense or myths, or reality or false expectations
positive health behaviors - CORRECT ANSWER activities related to maintaining, attaining, or regaining good health and preventing illness
negative health behaviors - CORRECT ANSWER include practices actually or potentially harmful to health
health promotion model focuses on which 3 areas - CORRECT ANSWER (1) individual characteristics and experiences
(2) behavior-specific knowledge and effect
(3) behavioral outcomes, in which the patient commits to or changes a behavior
health promoting behavior - CORRECT ANSWER the desired behavioral outcome and the end point in the HPM. Health-promoting behaviors result in improved health, enhanced functional ability, and better quality of life at all stages of development
health promotion model (HPM) - CORRECT ANSWER -defines health as a positive, dynamic state, not merely the absence of disease
-directed at increasing a patient's level of well-being
Maslow's hierarchy of needs - CORRECT ANSWER -model that nurses use to understand the interrelationships of basic human needs
-basic human need are elements that are necessary for human survival and health
internal variables - CORRECT ANSWER a person's developmental stage, intellectual background, perception of functioning, and emotional and spiritual factors
external variables - CORRECT ANSWER a person's health beliefs and practices include family practices, socioeconomic factors, and cultural background
Nursing incorporates health promotion activities, wellness education, and illness prevention activities rather than simply treating illness in three ways: - CORRECT ANSWER -immunization programs
-routine exercise and good nutrition
-physical awareness, stress management, and self responsibility
primary prevention - CORRECT ANSWER True prevention that lowers the chances that a disease will develop
secondary prevention - CORRECT ANSWER Focuses on those who have health problems or illnesses and are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions
tertiary prevention - CORRECT ANSWER Occurs when a defect or disability is permanent or irreversible
risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER characteristics or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing a medical disorder or disease
examples:
-Genetic and physiological factors
-age
-environment
-lifestyle
Precontemplation stage - CORRECT ANSWER no intention of changing behavior
Contemplation stage - CORRECT ANSWER considering a change within the next 6 months
Preparation stage - CORRECT ANSWER making small changes
Action stage - CORRECT ANSWER actively engaging in strategies to change behavior
Maintenance stage - CORRECT ANSWER maintaining a changed behavior
illness - CORRECT ANSWER A state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired
acute illness - CORRECT ANSWER reversible, has a short duration, and is often severe. The symptoms appear abruptly, are intense, and often subside after a relatively short period
chronic illness - CORRECT ANSWER persists, usually longer than 6 months, is irreversible, and affects functioning in one or more systems. Patients often fluctuate between maximal functioning and serious health relapses that may be life threatening
illness behavior - CORRECT ANSWER Involves how people monitor their bodies and define and interpret their symptoms
Impact of Illness on the Patient and Family - CORRECT ANSWER -Behavioral and emotional changes
-Impact on body image
-Impact on self-concept
-Impact on family roles
-Impact on family dynamics
challenges to health care - CORRECT ANSWER -Uninsured patients
-Reducing health care costs while maintaining high-quality care for patients
-Improving access and coverage for more people
-Encouraging healthy behaviors
-Earlier hospital discharges result in more patients needing nursing homes or home care
national priorities partnership - CORRECT ANSWER -Promote best practices, prevention, treatment, communication, care coordination, and intervention practices for the leading causes of mortality
-Ensure person and family centered care
-Make care safer and quality care affordable
the institute of medicine guides nurses to transform by - CORRECT ANSWER training, achieve higher levels of education, build partnerships with physicians, and improve information infrastructure
Professional standards review organizations (PSROs) - CORRECT ANSWER Created to review the quality, quantity, and cost of hospital care provided through Medicare and Medicaid
Utilization review (UR) committees - CORRECT ANSWER Review admissions, diagnostic testing, and treatments ordered by physicians who cared for patients receiving Medicare
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act - CORRECT ANSWER passed in 2010, focuses on the major goals of increasing access to health care services for all, reducing health care costs, and improving health care quality.
health services pyramid - CORRECT ANSWER population based health care services, clinical preventative services, primary health care, secondary health care, tertiary health care
6 health care settings and services - CORRECT ANSWER preventative, primary, secondary, tertiary, restorative, continuing
prevenative care - CORRECT ANSWER Reduces and controls risk factors for disease
primary care - CORRECT ANSWER -Focuses on improved health outcomes
-Requires collaboration
secondary and tertiary care - CORRECT ANSWER Diagnosis and treatment of disease provided by Hospital emergency departments, urgent care centers, critical care units, and inpatient medical-surgical units
restorative care - CORRECT ANSWER -Serves patients recovering from an acute or chronic illness/disability
-Helps individuals regain maximal function and enhance quality of life
-consists of: home health care, rehabilitation, extended care
continuing care - CORRECT ANSWER -For people who are disabled, functionally dependent, or suffering a terminal disease
-Available within institutional settings or in the home for example: Nursing centers or facilities, Assisted living, Respite care, Adult day care centers, Hospice
Nursing Centers or Facilities - CORRECT ANSWER -provide 24hr intermediate and custodial care
-regulated by Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
-clinical practice must complete MDS and RAIs
assisted living - CORRECT ANSWER Long-term care setting
Home environment
Greater resident autonomy
No fee caps
respite care - CORRECT ANSWER Respite care provides short-term relief or "time off" for people providing home care to an individual who is ill, disabled, or frail.
adult day care centers - CORRECT ANSWER Provide a variety of health and social services to specific patient populations who live alone or with family in the community
hospice - CORRECT ANSWER -Family centered care that allows patients to live with comfort, independence, and dignity while easing the pains of terminal illness
-focuses on palliative (non-curable) care
Accountable care organizations (ACOs) - CORRECT ANSWER Developed to coordinate medical care, strives to ensure that patients receive the right care at the right time, without duplication of services or incidence of medical errors
Patient-centered medical home (PCMH) - CORRECT ANSWER uses technology, teamwork, and effective communication with patients to make care culturally sensitive and accessible, gather clinical data, promote patient participation in decision making, and monitor patient outcomes
issues in health care delivery - CORRECT ANSWER - Nursing shortage
- Competency
- Quality and safety in health care (Pay for performance, Patient satisfaction)
- Magnet Recognition Program (Nursing-sensitive outcomes)
- Nursing informatics & technological advancements
- Globalization of Health Care (Vulnerable Populations)
Quality improvement (QI) - CORRECT ANSWER an approach to the continuous study and improvement of the processes of providing health care services to meet the needs of patients and others and inform health care policy
Performance Improvement (PI) - CORRECT ANSWER an organization analyzes and evaluates current performance and uses the results to develop focused improvement actions
federal government pays for ______________ and created professional standards review organizations (PSROs) - CORRECT ANSWER medicare/medicaid
professional standards review organizations (PSROs) - CORRECT ANSWER review the quality, quantity, and cost of hospital care
Utilization Review (UR) Committees - CORRECT ANSWER review the admissions and identify and eliminate overuse of diagnostic and treatment services ordered by physicians caring for patients on Medicare
Prospective Payment System (PPS) - CORRECT ANSWER Eliminated cost-based reimbursement and grouped patients into diagnosis-related groups (DRGs)
diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) - CORRECT ANSWER each group has a fixed reimbursement amount with adjustments based on case severity, rural/urban/regional costs, and teaching costs
capitation - CORRECT ANSWER providers receive a fixed amount per patient or enrollee of a health care plan
managed care - CORRECT ANSWER providers receive predetermined capitalized payment for each patient enrolled
Managed Care Organization (MCO) - CORRECT ANSWER preventative measures and treatment to specific groups
Preffered Provider Organization (PPO) - CORRECT ANSWER A managed care organization of doctors, hospitals, and other providers who have an agreement with an insurer to provide health care at reduced rates to subscribers. PPO clients do not pay deductibles when using the preferred providers, but can use other providers and pay a higher co-payment as well as a deductible.
medicare part A - CORRECT ANSWER Inpatient coverage, home health, hospice
medicare part B - CORRECT ANSWER physician services, outpatient hospital services, durable medical equipment, and other services and supplies covered
medicare part C - CORRECT ANSWER Medicare Advantage
medicare part D - CORRECT ANSWER Prescription drug coverage
who is covered under medicaid - CORRECT ANSWER assisted care to low income patients
long term care insurance - CORRECT ANSWER -Insurance covered for patients under long term care
-set cost for unlimited time (2yr minimum)
State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) - CORRECT ANSWER a public health insurance program, jointly funded by the federal and state governments, that provides health insurance coverage for children whose families meet income eligibility standards
Health Services Pyramid - CORRECT ANSWER 1. population based health care services
2. clinical preventive services
3. primary health care
4. secondary health care
5. tertiary health care
nursing-sensitive outcomes - CORRECT ANSWER patient outcomes and select nursing workforce characteristics that are directly related to nursing care
competency emphasizes importance of _________ - CORRECT ANSWER public service, health of communities, and ethically responsible behaviors
pay for performance - CORRECT ANSWER programs and public reporting of hospital quality data are designed to promote quality, effective, and safe patient care
Globalization - CORRECT ANSWER increasing connectedness of words economy, culture, and technology
Medicare prospective reimbursement system is based on payment calculated from ________ assignment - CORRECT ANSWER diagnoses related group (DRG)
health behaviors - CORRECT ANSWER behaviors undertaken by people to enhance or maintain their health
internal variables influencing health beliefs - CORRECT ANSWER Developmental Stage, Intellectual Background, Perception Background, Emotional Factors, Spiritual Factors
external variables influencing health beliefs - CORRECT ANSWER family practices, socioeconomic and psychological factors, cultural background
health promotion - CORRECT ANSWER Activities such as routine exercise and good nutrition that help patients maintain or enhance their present level of health and reduce their risk of developing certain diseases.
health belief model - CORRECT ANSWER helps you understand factors influencing patients perceptions, beliefs, and behavior to plan care that will help maintain or restore health and prevent illness
health promotion model - CORRECT ANSWER describes the multidimensional nature of persons as they interact within their environment to pursue health
the focuses of health promotion model - CORRECT ANSWER individual characteristics and experiences,
behavior-specific knowledge and affect,
and behavioral outcomes
illness prevention - CORRECT ANSWER activities such as immunization programs protect patients from actual or potential threats to health
passive strategies of health promotion - CORRECT ANSWER individuals gain from the activities of others without acting themselves
Examples of risk factors are: - CORRECT ANSWER generic and physiological factors, age, environment, lifestyle
the _________ describes a series of changes through which patients progress for successful behavior change rather than simply assuming that all patients are in an action stage - CORRECT ANSWER transtheoretical model of change
ethics - CORRECT ANSWER the study of principles about what is right and wrong, fair and unfair
autonomy - CORRECT ANSWER freedom from external control or influence; independence
justice - CORRECT ANSWER being fair
fidelity - CORRECT ANSWER agreement to keep promises
Nonmaleficence - CORRECT ANSWER avoidance of harm or hurt
Beneficence - CORRECT ANSWER taking positive actions to help others
varacity - CORRECT ANSWER devotion to the truth
code of ethics helps settle about practice and behavior; including______, responsibility, accountability, and ________ - CORRECT ANSWER advocacy and confidentiality
advocacy - CORRECT ANSWER support of a particular cause
responsibility - CORRECT ANSWER willingness to respect obligations and follow through on promises
confidentiality - CORRECT ANSWER protection of patients personal health information
value - CORRECT ANSWER a personal belief about the worth of a given idea, attitude, custom, or object that sets standards that influence behavior
issues - CORRECT ANSWER ethical problems in which a choice must be made
dilemmas - CORRECT ANSWER A situation where a difficult choice has to be made
moral distress - CORRECT ANSWER occurs when a nurse knows the ethically correct action to take but feels powerless to take that action
preventative ethics - CORRECT ANSWER aims to interrupt potential ethical problems before they develop
processing an ethical dilemma - CORRECT ANSWER Step 1: Ask if this is an ethical dilemma.
Step 2: Gather all relevant information.
Step 3: Clarify values.
Step 4: Verbalize the problem.
Step 5: Identify possible courses of action.
Step 6: Negotiate the outcome.
Step 7: Evaluate the action.
quality of life - CORRECT ANSWER the degree of overall satisfaction that a person gets from life, central to discussions about end-of-life care
health care reform - CORRECT ANSWER Facilitated access to care for millions of uninsured Americans
inform consent - CORRECT ANSWER -right to know, right to revoke
-must be free of mental/physical treatment
denotology - CORRECT ANSWER actions stated as right or wrong on the basis of their "right-making characteristics"
utilitarianism - CORRECT ANSWER relies on the application of a certain principle
feminist ethics - CORRECT ANSWER the nature of relationships to guide participants in making difficult decisions
what is one confidentiality issue with adolescents - CORRECT ANSWER mandatory reporting laws must be reported
casuistry - CORRECT ANSWER focuses on an intimate understanding of particular situation
nursing process - CORRECT ANSWER A critical thinking process that professional nurses use to apply the best available evidence to caregiving and promoting human functions and responses to health and illness.
ADPIE - CORRECT ANSWER Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
two parts to assessment within the nursing process - CORRECT ANSWER -collection and verification of data
-analysis of data
three parts to diagnosis within the nursing process - CORRECT ANSWER -the human response
-related factors or the cause of the response
-defining characteristics found in the selected patient are the signs/symptoms present that are supporting the diagnosis
Sources of data collection - CORRECT ANSWER The patient, family, health care team, medical records, scientific literature, and nursing experience
three types of assessment - CORRECT ANSWER -patient centered interview during a nursing health history
-physical examination
-periodic assessment during rounds or administering care
subjective data - CORRECT ANSWER patient's verbal descriptions of their health problems
objective data - CORRECT ANSWER observations or measurements of a patient's health status
cue - CORRECT ANSWER information you obtain through use of the senses
inference - CORRECT ANSWER your judgment or interpretation of the cues
medical diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER disease or medical condition
nursing diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER human response to actual or potential health problems and life process
four communication skills for patient interview - CORRECT ANSWER courtesy, comfort, connection, confirmation
three phases of an interview - CORRECT ANSWER orientation and setting an agenda, working phase-collecting assessment or nursing health system, terminating and interview
interview techniques - CORRECT ANSWER Observation
Open-ended questions
Leading questions
Back channeling
Direct closed-ended questions
present illness or health concerns you could use the acronym PQRST - CORRECT ANSWER provokes
quality
radiate
severity
time
holistic health model - CORRECT ANSWER -Attempts to create conditions that promote optimal health
-natural healing abilities
-ex: meditation, music therapy, reminiscence, relaxation therapy, therapeutic touch, and guided imagery
valadation - CORRECT ANSWER compression of data with another source to determine data accuracy
concept mapping - CORRECT ANSWER develops critically thinking skills by understanding the relationships that exist among patient problems
You are preparing a presentation for your classmates regarding the clinical care coordination conference for a patient with terminal cancer. As part of the preparation you have your classmates read the Nursing Code of Ethics for Professional Registered Nurses. Your instructor asks the class why this document is important. Which of the following statements best describes this code?
1. Improves self-health care
2. Protects the patient's confidentiality
3. Ensures identical care to all patients
4. Defines the principles of right and wrong to provide patient care - CORRECT ANSWER 4
An 18-year-old woman is in the emergency department with fever and cough. The nurse obtains her vital signs, listens to her lung and heart sounds, determines her level of comfort, and collects blood and sputum samples for analysis. Which standard of practice is performed?
1. Diagnosis
2. Evaluation
3. Assessment
4. Implementation - CORRECT ANSWER 3
A patient in the emergency department has developed wheezing and shortness of breath. The nurse gives the ordered medicated nebulizer treatment now and in 4 hours. Which standard of practice is performed?
1. Planning
2. Evaluation
3. Assessment
4. Implementation - CORRECT ANSWER 4
A nurse is caring for a patient with end-stage lung disease. The patient wants to go home on oxygen and be comfortable. The family wants the patient to have a new surgical procedure. The nurse explains the risk and benefits of the surgery to the family and discusses the patient's wishes with them. The nurse is acting as the patient's:
1. Educator.
2. Advocate.
3. Caregiver.
4. Case manager. - CORRECT ANSWER 2
The nurse spends time with the patient and family reviewing the dressing change procedure for the patient's wound. The patient's spouse demonstrates how to change the dressing. The nurse is acting in which professional role?
1. Educator
2. Advocate
3. Caregiver
4. Case manager - CORRECT ANSWER 1
The examination for registered nurse (RN) licensure is exactly the same in every state in the United States. This examination:
1. Guarantees safe nursing care for all patients.
2. Ensures standard nursing care for all patients.
3. Ensures that honest and ethical care is provided.
4. Provides a minimal standard of knowledge for an RN in practice. - CORRECT ANSWER 4
Contemporary nursing requires that the nurse has knowledge and skills for a variety of professional roles and responsibilities. Which of the following are examples? (Select all that apply.)
1. Caregiver
2. Autonomy and accountability
3. Patient advocate
4. Health promotion
5. Lobbyist - CORRECT ANSWER 1, 2, 3, 4
Match the advanced practice nurse specialty with the statement about the role.
1. Clinical nurse specialist
2. Nurse anesthetist
3. Nurse practitioner
4. Nurse-midwife
a. Provides independent care, including pregnancy and gynecological services
b. Expert clinician in a specialized area of practice such as adult diabetes care
c. Provides comprehensive care, usually in a primary care setting, directly managing the medical care of patients who are healthy or have chronic conditions
d. Provides care and services under the supervision of an anesthesiologist - CORRECT ANSWER 1b, 2d, 3c, 4a
Health care reform will bring changes in the emphasis of care. Which of the following models is expected from health care reform?
12
1. Moving from an acute illness to a health promotion, illness prevention model
2. Moving from an illness prevention to a health promotion model
3. Moving from an acute illness to a disease management model
4. Moving from a chronic care to an illness prevention model - CORRECT ANSWER 1
A nurse meets with the registered dietitian and physical therapist to develop a plan of care that focuses on improving nutrition and mobility for a patient. This is an example of which Quality and Safety in the Education of Nurses (QSEN) competency?
1. Patient-centered care
2. Safety
3. Teamwork and collaboration
4. Informatics - CORRECT ANSWER 3 [Show Less]