NR 601 WEEK 6 QUIZ STUDY GUIDE – DIABETES ADA screening recommendations: when to screen to
... [Show More] repeat screens based on findings
Recommendations
Screening for type 2 diabetes with an informal assessment of risk factors or validated tools should be considered in asymptomatic adults. B
Testing for type 2 diabetes in asymptomatic people should be considered in adults of any age who are over- weight or obese (BMI >25 kg/m2 or $23 kg/m2 in Asian Americans) and who have one or more additional risk factors for diabetes. B
For all people, testing should be- gin at age 45 years. B
If tests are normal, repeat testing carried out at a minimum of 3-year intervals is reasonable. C
To test for type 2 diabetes, fasting plasma glucose, 2-h plasma glucose after 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, and A1C are equally appropriate. B
In patients with diabetes, identify and treat other cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Updated recommendations emphasize that testing for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes should be considered in children and adolescents younger than 18 years of age who are overweight or obese (BMI >85th percentile for age and sex, weight for height >85th percentile, or weight >120% of ideal for height), and have one or more additional risk factors for diabetes such as (1) maternal history of diabetes or gestational diabetes during the child’s gestation; (2) family history of type 2 diabetes in first- or second-degree relative; (3) race/ethnicity (Native American, African American, Latino, Asian American, Pacific Islander; and/or (4) signs of insulin resistance or conditions associated with insulin resistance (acanthosis nigricans, hypertension, dyslipidemia, polycystic ovary syndrome, or small-
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR DIABETES
Diabetes may be diagnosed based on plasma glucose criteria, either the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or the 2-h plasma glucose (2-h PG) value after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) or A1C criteria (1,6) (Table 2.2).
FPG, 2-h PG after 75-g OGTT, and A1C are equally appropriate for diagnostic testing. It should be noted that the tests do not necessarily detect diabetes in the same individuals. The efficacy of
interventions for primary prevention of type 2 diabetes (7,8) has primarily been demonstrated among individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), not for [Show Less]