NR 599 midterm review General principles of Nursing Informatics
General principles of Nursing Informatcs
Verbalize the importance of health
... [Show More] informaton systems with clinical practce.
Have knowledge of types and clinical and administratve uses of health informaton systems.
Ensure confdentality of protected patent health informaton.
Assure access control in the use of health informaton systems.
Informatcs: Science and art of turning data into info.
Nursing Informatcs ANS: The specialty that integrates nursing science with multple informaton and
analytcal sciences to identfy, defne, manage, and communicate data, informaton, knowledge, and
wisdom in nursing practce.
o Nursing Informatcs supports nurses, consumers, patents, the inter-professional healthcare team,
and all other stakeholders in their decision making in all roles and setngs to achieve desired
outcomes.
o 2 Levels NI practce: generalists and informatcs-nurse specialists.
Knowledge
Awareness and understanding of a set of informaton and ways that informaton can be made useful to
support specifc task or arrive at a decision
Informaton that’s synthesized so that relatonships are identfed and formalized.
Processed informaton that helps to clarify or explain some porton in our environment or world that we
can use a as basis for acton or upon which we can act.
Ofen affected by assumptons and central theories of a scientfc discipline and is derived by discovering
paterns of relatonships between different clusters of informaton.
Answers questons of “why” and “how”
Data – uninterpreted items, ofen referred to as data elements. An example might be a person’s weight.
Without additonal data elements such as height, age, overall well-being it would be impossible to
interpret the signifcance of an individual number.
Informaton – a group of data elements that have been organized and processed so that one can
interpret the signifcance of the data elements.
o For example, height, weight, age, and gender are data elements that can be used to calculate the
BMI. The BMI can be used to determine if the individual is underweight, overweight, normal
weight or obese.
[1] Knowledge - is built on a formalizaton of the relatonships and interrelatonships between data and
informaton. A knowledge base makes it possible to understand that an individual may have a calculated
BMI that is over 30 and not be obese.
At this tme, several automated decision support systems included a knowledge base and a set of rules for
applying the knowledge base in a specifc situaton.
o For example, the knowledge base may include the following informaton. A fever or elevated
temperature ofen begins with a chill. At the beginning of the chill the patent’s temperature may
be normal or even sub-normal but in 30 minutes it is likely the patent will have spiked a temp. A
rule might read: if a patent complains of chills, then take the patent’s temperature and repeat in
30 minutes.
Wisdom
Appropriate use of data, informaton, and knowledge in making decisions and implementng nursing
actons.
Guides the nurse in recognizing the situaton at hand based on patents’ values, nurse’s experience, and
healthcare knowledge.
Implies a form of ethics, or knowing why certain things or procedures should or should not be
implemented in healthcare practce.
Includes the ability to integrate data, informaton, and knowledge with professional values when
managing specifc human problems.
The use of knowledge and experience to heighten common sense and insight so as to exercise sound
judgment in practcal maters.
Thought to be the highest form of common sense, resultng from accumulated knowledge.
Ability to apply viable and valuable knowledge, experience, understanding, and insight while being
prudent and sensible.
Appropriate use of knowledge to solve human problems.
Scientfc Underpinning
The scientfc underpinnings of practce provide the basis of knowledge for advanced nursing practce.
These scientfc underpinnings include sciences such as biology, physiology, psychology, ethics, and
nursing.
The sciences underpinning nursing informatcs: Nursing science, informaton science, and computer
science
[2] The advent of nursing science, specifcally middle-range nursing theories, expanded the discipline of
nursing. Thorough understanding of nursing theory provides a solid foundaton for advanced nursing
practce.
The importance of using science-based concepts to evaluate and enhance health care delivery and
improve patent outcomes.
The Foundaton of Knowledge Model
Model that proposes that humans are organic informaton systems constantly acquiring, processing, and
generatng informaton or knowledge in both their professional and personal lives.
Involves integratng four main kinds of knowledge, which are: knowledge acquisiton, knowledge
disseminaton, knowledge generaton and knowledge processing.
o Knowledge worker: working with info. And generatng info and knowledge as a product.
o Knowledge acquirer: Providing convenient and efcient means of capturing and storing
knowledge.
o Knowledge engineers: Designing developing, implementng, and maintaining knowledge.
o Knowledge managers: Capturing and processing collectve expertse and distributng it.
o Knowledge developers and generators: Changing and evolving knowledge based on the tasks at
hand and the informaton available.
With tme, we begin to transform our experiences and applied knowledge into it highest form known
as...wisdom.
Knowledge is a powerful tool and that nurses focus on informaton as a key building block of knowledge.
Computer science
Studies the theory underpinning informaton and computaton and their implementaton in computer
systems.
Looks at how the human mind works from an informaton processing perspectve.
Studies the theoretcal foundatons of informaton and computaton and their implementaton and
applicaton in computer systems.
Study of storage/memory, conversion and transformaton, and transfer or transmission of informaton in
machines.
Algorithms are detailed, unambiguous acton sequences in the design, efciency and applicaton of
computer systems, whereas practcal implementaton problems deal with the sofware and hardware.
[3] Facilitates the acquisiton and manipulaton of data and informaton by nurses, who can then synthesize
these into evolving knowledge and wisdom base.
Cognitve science
Study of thought, learning, and mental organizaton, which draws on aspects of psychology, linguistcs,
philosophy, and computer modeling.
Interdisciplinary feld that studies the mind, intelligence, and behavior from an informaton processing
perspectve.
Informaton science
Deals with the retrieval and management of informaton as well as human-computer interactons.
Studies the applicaton and usage of informaton and knowledge in organizatons and the interface or
interacton between people.
Concerned with the input, processing, output, and feedback of data and informaton through technology
integraton with a focus on comprehending the perspectve of the stakeholders involved and then applying
IT as needed.
An interdisciplinary, people-oriented feld that explores and enhances the interchange of informaton to
transform society, communicaton science, computer science, cognitve science, library science, and the
social sciences.
Encompasses aspect of computer science, cognitve science, social science, communicaton science, and
library science to deal with obtaining, gathering, organizing, manipulatng, managing, storing, retrieving,
recapturing, disposing of, distributng, and broadcastng informaton.
Studies everything that deals with informaton and can be defned as the study of ISs.
Enables the processing of informaton.
Links people and technology
Impacts informaton interfaces, influencing how people interact with informaton and subsequently
develop and use knowledge.
Standard Terminology (Week 1)
Standardized terminologies (STs) contribute to the development of knowledge because they ensure that
all professionals share the same understanding or meaning of a given concept, to clarify communicaton,
facilitate research, and provide structure for decision support tools and EHRs.
[4] As you look at the Foundaton of Knowledge model, STs support knowledge acquisiton, disseminaton,
generaton, and processing.
Structured controlled languages developed to represent concepts in a given domain in a clear,
unambiguous fashion that conveys the exact same meaning for data, informaton, and knowledge across
setngs.
Guidelines addressed aspects that include content, concepts, and identfcaton of concepts, hierarchy,
relatonships and formal defnitons.
Are based upon concepts rather than terms and allow for growth over tme.
Current Terminology:
o Nomenclature refers to a system of rules and procedures for adding names used in an art or
science, such as nursing.
o Classifcaton systems that capture categories, which are then used to determine costs or
outcomes but are insufcient in detail for clinical documentaton purposes.
o Taxonomy which uses classifcaton according to a predetermined system, with the resultng
catalog used to provide a conceptual framework for discussion, analysis, or informaton retrieval.
o Data set which refers to a named collecton of data consistng of individual informaton organized
in a prescribed fashion.
Internatonal Statstcal Classifcaton of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) and Current
Procedural Terminology (CPT) provides a descripton and a classifcaton of known diseases and injuries.
o Collecton of morbidity and mortality statstcs
o Automated clinical decision support
o Assignment of codes to medical diagnoses and procedures assoc. with hospital utlizaton in the
US.
It improves communicaton, supports data reuse, contributes to the further development of nursing
knowledge and provides a framework for EHRs.
Informatcs Competencies (Week 2)
Informaton Literacy: Refers to the use of digital technology to locate, navigate, manage, integrate,
evaluate, create, and effectvely communicate in a rapidly changing healthcare environment. The most
important aspects of informaton literacy reflect informaton discovery, retrieval, and delivery as well as
the ability to acquire, process, generate, and disseminate knowledge in ways that help those managing
the knowledge reevaluate and rethink what an individual understands.
[5]o Ability to identfy when informaton is needed as well as the skills to fnd, evaluate, and effectvely
use the same
o Evaluaton of online resources for quality
o Able to search literature databases effectvely
Computer Literacy
o Basic familiarity with computer uses and common applicatons
o Ability to navigate hyperlinks
o Able to set up and use a database to collect and retrieve informaton
Clinical Informaton Management
o Uses clinical decision making (CDS) and system safeguards to protect patents and protected health
informaton (PHI)
o Able to request and evaluate reports for the purpose of informed decision making
o Partcipate in the selecton, design, and evaluaton of clinical informaton systems and patent-care
technologies
o Uses available technologies to appropriately and effectvely communicate
Health literacy (Week 2)
Degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health informaton
and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.
Is dependent on individual and systemic factors: Communicaton skills of lay persons and professionals.
Is a major goal of Healthy People 2010
Meaningful Use (Week 3)
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 specifes 3 main components of meaningful use:
o Use of certfed HER in a meaningful manner, such as e-prescribing
o Use of certfed HER tech. for electronic exchange of health info. to improve quality of health care
o Use of certfed HER tech. to submit clinical quality and other measures.
Defned by the use of certfed EHR technology in a meaningful manner (for example electronic
prescribing); ensuring that the certfed EHR technology connects in a manner that provides for the
electronic exchange of health informaton to improve the quality of care.
Developed as an incentve program to assure that EHRs are used according to standards that achieve
quality, safety, and efciency measures
Staged in 3 steps
[6]o Stage 1: baseline for electronic data capture and info sharing
o Stage 2 & 3 contnues to expand on this baseline and be developed through future rule making.
Patent-centered Informaton Systems
EMRs, aggregate informaton systems, patent unique identfers.
Aggregated data are used for the generaton of routne reports and indicators, and for strategic planning
and guidance within the health system.
Focused on collectng data and disseminatng info related to direct care.
Most commonly types found in healthcare organizatons:
o Clinical documentaton systems
o Pharmacy info systems
o Laboratory info systems
o Radiology info systems.
Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDS)
Provides clinicians, staff, patents or other individuals with knowledge and person-specifc informaton,
intelligently fltered or presented at appropriate tmes, to enhance health and health care.
CDS encompasses a variety of tools to enhance decision-making in the clinical workflow.
o These tools include computerized alerts and reminders to care providers and patents; clinical
guidelines; conditon-specifc order sets; focused patent data reports and summaries;
documentaton templates; diagnostc support, and contextually relevant reference informaton,
among other tools.
Provides HIT functonality that builds upon the foundaton of an EHR to provide persons involved in care
processes with general and person-specifc informaton, intelligently fltered and organized, at appropriate
tmes, to enhance health and health care
Promotes accurate medical diagnoses and suggest appropriate medical and nursing interventons based
on patent data.
Electronic Medical Records
Electronic version of a patent’s medical history, that is maintained by the provider over tme, and may
include all of the key administratve clinical data relevant to that persons care under a partcular provider,
including demographics, progress notes, problems, medicatons, vital signs, past medical history,
immunizatons, laboratory data and radiology report
[7] Computer-based data warehouses or repositories of informaton regarding the health status of a client,
which are replacing the former paper-based medical records.
Systematc documentaton of a client’s health status and health care in a secure digital format, meaning
that they can be processed, stored, transmited, and accessed by authorized interdisciplinary
professionals for the purpose of supportng efcient, high-quality health care across the client’s healthcare
contnuum.
Improves patent care by:
o Reducing the incidence of medical error by improving the accuracy and clarity of medical records.
o Making the health informaton available, reducing duplicaton of tests, reducing delays in
treatment, and patents well informed to take beter decisions.
o Reducing medical error by improving the accuracy and clarity of medical records
Human-Technology Interface
The study of interacton between human and technology.
With the evoluton of technology and computer science, healthcare has been through many
developments in respond to tech-world.
Human-Technology Interface in nursing defned as the applicaton of computer technology to all felds of
nursing.
It is hardware and sofware through which the user interacts with any technology (e.g., computers,
patent monitors, and digital screens).
Indeed, the use and the development of technology in the clinical areas has become a necessity. Such
technology has been already practced in many nursing departments.
o For example, the cardiac monitoring systems, defbrillators, electronic thermometers, intravenous
pumps, Patent-controlled analgesia (PCA) pumps and many others hardware.
May present informaton using text, numbers, images, icons or sound.
o Auditory, visual, or even tactle alarms may alert users to important informaton.
Problems may include:
o Nurses devise workarounds, such as removing armband from the patent
o Major cause of as many as 87% of all patent monitoring incidents
Health Informaton Technology
HIT has been promoted as a key strategy to achieve beter care, affordable care, and healthy populatons
and communites.
[8] Comprised of “hardware, sofware, integrated technologies or related licenses, intellectual property,
upgrade, or packaged solutons sold as services that are designed for or support the use by healthcare
enttes or patents for the electronic creaton, maintenance, access or exchange of health informaton.
Involves the exchange of health informaton in an electronic environment. Widespread use of health IT
within the health care industry will improve the quality of health care, prevent medical errors, reduce
health care costs, increase administratve efciencies, decrease paperwork, and expand access to
affordable health care.
It is imperatve that the privacy and security of electronic health informaton be ensured as this
informaton is maintained and transmited electronically.
Alarm fatgue (Week 2)
Multple false alarms by smart technology that cause workers to ignore or respond slowly to them.
the desensitzaton of a clinician to an alarm stmulus that results from sensory overload causing the
response of an alarm to be delayed or missed According to The Joint Commission (TJC) between 2009 and
2012, there were reports of 98 alarm-related sentnel events, in which 80 resulted in death, 13 in
permanent loss of functon, and fve in unexpected prolonged care conditons
Digital natves
Person born or brought up during the age of digital technology and therefore familiar with computers and
the Internet from an early age.
The term digital natve doesn't refer to a partcular generaton. Instead, it is a catch-all category for
children who have grown up using technology like the Internet, computers and mobile devices.
Informaton Literacy Competency Standards for Nursing
The purpose of the Informaton Literacy Standards for Nursing is to:
o provide a framework for faculty and students of nursing at the associate, baccalaureate, master’s,
and doctoral levels in the development of informaton literacy skills for evidence-based nursing
practce
o encourage the use of a common language for nursing faculty and librarians to discuss
student informaton-seeking skills;
o guide librarians and nursing faculty in creatng learning actvites that will support the growth of
informaton literacy skills over the course of a program of nursing educaton and for lifelong
learning;
[9]o provide administraton and curriculum commitees a shared understanding of student
competencies and need; and
o provide a framework for contnuing educaton in the area of informaton literacy for the feld of
nursing practce and research
Standard One: The informaton literate nurse determines the nature and extent of the informaton
needed.
o Defnes and artculates the need for informaton.
o Identfes a variety of types and formats of potental sources for informaton.
o Has working knowledge of the literature in nursing-related felds and how it is produced.
o Considers the costs and benefts of acquiring the needed informaton.
o Re-evaluates the nature and extent of the informaton need.
Standard Two: The informaton literate nurse accesses needed informaton effectvely and efciently.
o Selects the most appropriate investgatve methods or informaton retrieval systems for accessing
the needed informaton.
o Constructs and implements efcient and effectvely designed search strategies.
o Retrieves informaton online or in person using a variety of methods.
o Refnes the search strategy, if necessary
o Extracts, records, and manages the in-formaton and its sources.
Standard Three: The informaton literate nurse critcally evaluates the procured informaton and its
sources, and, as a result, decides whether or not to modify the inital query and/or seek additonal sources
and whether to develop a new research process.
o Summarizes the main ideas to be extracted from the informaton gathered.
o Selects informaton by artculatng and applying criteria for evaluatng both the in-formaton and
its sources.
o Synthesizes main ideas to construct new concepts.
o Compares new knowledge with prior knowledge to determine the value added, contradictons, or
other unique characteristcs of the informaton.
o Validates understanding and interpretaton of the informaton through discourse with other
individuals, subject-area experts, and/or practtoners
o Determines whether the inital query should be revised.
o Evaluates the procured informaton and the entre process.
[10] Standard Four: The informaton literate nurse, individually or as a member of a group, uses informaton
effectvely to accomplish a specifc purpose.
o Applies new and prior informaton to the planning and creaton of a partcular product.
o Revises the development process for the product.
o Communicates the product effectvely to others.
Standard Five: The informaton literate nurse understands many of the economic, legal, and social issues
surrounding the use of informaton and accesses and uses informaton ethically and legally.
o Understands many of the ethical, legal, and socio-economic issues surrounding informaton and
informaton technology.
o Follows laws, regulatons, insttutonal policies, and etquete related to the access and use of
informaton resources.
o Acknowledges the use of informaton sources in communicatng the product or performance.
HITECH Act
Health Informaton Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act was created to motvate the
implementaton of electronic health records (EHR) and supportng technology in the United States.
President Obama signed HITECH into law on February 17, 2009 as part of the American Recovery and
Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA), an economic stmulus bill.
Creates incentves related to health care informaton technology, including incentves for the use of
electronic health record (EHR) systems among providers.
HITECH strengthened HIPPA security.
Providers that comply with meaningful use requirement (EHRs) qualify for additonal reimbursement over
a period of several years. Penaltes will be imposed for providers that do not use approved technology to
comply with meaningful use.
Goal is to decrease health disparites.
TIGER-based Nursing Informatcs Competencies Model (Technology Informatcs Guiding Educaton Reform)
Purpose is to create a vision for the future of nursing that bridges the quality chasm with informaton
tech, enabling nurses to use informatcs in practce and educaton to provide safer, higher-quality patent
care.
Pillars of TIGER vision include (p14)
o Management and leadership: drives empowers and executes the transformaton of health care.
[11]o Educaton: Maximize the possibilites of technology toward knowledge development and
disseminaton.
o Communicaton and Collaboraton: standardized, person-centered, technology-enabled processes
to facilitate teamwork across the contnuum of care.
o Informatcs Design: Evidence-based, interoperable intelligence systems
o Informaton Technology: smart people centered technology-enabled processes
o Policy: consistent, incentves-based initatves that support advocacy and coaliton-building
o Culture: A respectul, open system that leverages technology and informatcs across multple
disciplines
Review Questons found online:
1. The nurse understands that nursing informatcs is recognized as a specialty area of practce by which
statement?
o Research priorites for nursing informatcs include the development of a standard nursing language
and the development of databases for clinical informaton.
2. Which statement by the nurse verifes that the nurse is "informaton literate"?
o "I understand how to search for a website and evaluate its usefulness for health care needs."
3. What is informaton?
o data that can be interpreted. Example: patent’s temperature. Grouping of data process into
meaningful structured form.
4. The nurse gathers much data when caring for clients. Which is an example of the higher-level
"informaton" useful in caring for clients?
o Afer receiving Rocephin (cefriaxone sodium) 1.0 gram IV yesterday, the client reported feeling
beter today.
5. Which statement best distnguishes the difference between informaton literacy and computer literacy?
o Informaton literacy forms the basis for ongoing learning whereas computer literacy refers to a
familiarity with the use of personal computers
6. Which statement indicates the appropriate level of informatcs competencies to the correct nurse?
o A nurse informatcs specialist extrapolates data to develop best practce model for indwelling
catheter care.
7. What is Quality Informaton?
o Informaton that is tmeliness, precision, accuracy, numerically quantfable, easily available,
unbiased, clear and reliable
[12]8. What is data?
o A collecton of numbers, characters, or facts that are gathered for a need
EX: patents vital signs. Raw unprocessed numbers, symbols or words that have no meaning
by themselves. Without context data is meaningless.
9. What is data integrity?
o ability to collect, store, and retrieve correct, complete, and current data so data is available to
authorized users
10. What is necessary to determine if a website has quality informaton?
o Credited seal, good contact info, not selling things, creditable author, unbiased (things discussed in
class) has URAC or HON CODE, updated
o Ofine: thumb drive, CD, something stored on a medium, not used as much
o Online: Safe through network, backs it up, easy access, used more frequently,
11. Computer literate: use of computers, know how to work it, basic computer skills
o EX: word processing, spreadsheet, email
12. Informaton literate: helps ethical issues, can recognize relevance, and know how to apply it Ex: reliable
sources
13. Heal literate: ability to understand, obtain, and process basic health informaton in order to make
informed health decisions Ex: defniton of medical terms
14. Nursing Informatcs: Managing and processing informaton applying to nursing practce, educaton, and
research. Established and growing area of specializaton in nursing. Nurses employ informaton
technologies in their practce
15. Knowledge: Is formed when data is grouped creatng meaningful informaton and relatonships which are
then added to other structured informaton.
16. Why do we need to study nurse informatcs?
o Informaton is Power and technology facilitates a creatve process in nurses, and improves patent
educaton, teaching, and learning
17. What is a common reality that occurs with nursing and technology?
o Nurses will be comfortable working with computers and advanced technology while providing care
for clients.
18. Defniton of Nursing Informatcs by ANA:
o Specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science to manage and communicate data ,
info and knowledge in nursing practce
19. What are the functons of computers in Nursing Practce?
[13]o Record informaton, provide access to other departments, manage schedules
20. What is Telehealth?
o Uses technology to access, diagnose, and treat at a distance
Examples of Telehealth devices: BP, pulse oximeters, scales, video monitors
21. What is biometric technology?
o Using human characteristcs to authentcate or grant access to data or informaton
22. How do human resources use computers?
o Employee database, administraton services
23. How do medical records management use computers?
24. What is the defniton of informaton technology?
o hardware and sofware facilitates storage retrieval, communicaton, and management of
informaton
25. What is the defniton of computer literacy?
o knowledge and understanding of computers with effectve use
26. How do you identfy problems?
o Locate current literature and related concepts
27. What is the 3 things needed when looking for informaton online?
o Defne Purpose: Why are you doing the search? Why do you need this informaton?
o Defne Focus: Basic informaton for you, lay oriented for your patents, professionally orientated for
you colleagues
o Defne Approach: Broad and general with informaton that can be quickly accessed
28. Edu: educaton
org: nonproft organizaton
com: commercial enterprise
net: internet provider
gov: governmental body
mil: military
29. A disadvantage to the utlizaton of the electronic medical record (EMR) includes which of the following?
o The intensive training in the beginning needed to prepare staff members to use the EMR
30. Which acton indicates the nurse is functoning as a knowledge worker?
o The nurse auscultates diminished breath sounds in a postoperatve client the morning afer
abdominal surgery and encourages the client to turn, cough, and deep breathe every hour instead
of every two hours.
[14]31. A nurse manager wishes to hire a new nurse who has just graduated from nursing school. At the beginning
level of informatcs competencies, the nurse should be able to do which of the following?
o Input vital signs and intake and output data in the electronic medical record.
32. In which way does medical informatcs overlap with nursing informatcs?
o Medical and nursing informatcs focus on the areas of informaton retrieval.
33. Health care consumers have all the informaton and tools to make health care choices because they can
easily compare quality and cost of care. Which of the following is correct?
o The statement is false because the tool has not been developed.
34. The role of the informatcs nurse does not include assessing the usability of devices for health care
consumers. This statement is false because of which of the following reasons?
o The development of policy regarding usability is an important part of the informatcs nurse's role.
35. Over the next few years, nursing informatcs and other health informatcs disciplines will crisscross,
resultng in more interdisciplinary projects. This statement is true because of which of the following
reasons?
o Nurse informatcs specialists will work collaboratvely with other disciplines to develop userfriendly systems.
36. The best estmate of the number of informatcs nurses needed over the next few years is which of the
following?
o 6000 to 12,000
37. There are no available nursing informatcs programs including doctoral degrees; therefore, nurses prepare
for advanced practce through medical informatcs curriculum. This answer is false because of which of the
following reasons?
o There are a number of accredited advanced nursing educaton programs in informatcs in the
United States.
38. The American Nurses Credentaling Center (ANCC) incorporated the foundaton provided by the American
Nurses Associaton (ANA) in its defniton of nursing informatcs and scope and standards of practce.
Applicants for the Informatcs Nurse credentaling examinaton are required to meet which of the
following minimum criteria?
o Equivalent of two years of full-tme professional practce, Baccalaureate or higher degree in
nursing (or relevant feld baccalaureate), Current, actve license as a professional nurse
39. Nursing informatcs employs informaton and computer technology to support all aspects of nursing
practce, including research. Which is an example of supportng research?
o Development of a standardized nursing language
[15]40. Which role is only appropriate for the informatcs nurse specialist (INS)?
o The design of nursing research protocols and databases
41. Which of the following examples demonstrate how nursing informatcs helps to support nursing practce?
o Standard Text: Select all that apply.
Quick access to computer-archived patent data from previous encounters
Computer-generated client documentaton including discharge instructons
Computer-generated nursing care plans and critcal pathways
Prompts that appear during documentaton to ensure comprehensive chartng
42. Informaton is defned as which of the following?
o Interpreted data
43. Nurses need to become skilled at using patent-centered IT tools to access informaton that can expand
their knowledge in a just-in-tme, evidence-based approach. Which one of these answers best indicates
the nurse is functoning as a knowledge worker?
o The nurse shifs from primarily using critcal thinking to also using critcal synthesis.
44. The TIGER initatve is an acronym for which of the following?
o Technology Informatcs Guiding Educaton Reform
45. The Quality and Safety Educaton for Nursing (QSEN) project sets an agenda to improve the quality and
safety of the health care delivery system. To achieve the goals set by QSEN, the Insttute of Medicine
(IOM) suggested the following competencies for nurses except for which of the following?
o Professional code of conduct
46. Technology has been useful in reducing errors by assistng the health care team to identfy the patent
before rendering care. The most common way for nurses to identfy patents using technology is through
which of the following?
o Use of barcodes
47. Access to patent care data and utlizaton of nursing research are essental components of evidence-based
practce designed to increase patent safety and provide quality care. Which of the following can
technology cannot be employed to remove barriers to informaton and evidence-based practce?
o Online report cards
48. The reason that nursing lags behind in the educaton of nursing informatcs specialists is because of which
of the following?
o The lack of qualifed faculty in graduate program
49. Which of the following groups have been selected to help drive the changes necessary to transform the
health care delivery system, improve quality of services delivery, and improve safety?
[16]o Informatcs nurse specialists
50. The Informatcs Nurse Specialist is an integral member of the health care team with the expertse to:
Create standardized nursing languages.
51. Which of the following answers is the best defniton of data?
o Data are a collecton of numbers, characters, or facts that are gathered according to some
perceived need for analysis and possibly acton at a later point in tme.
52. What is the key impediment of telehealth?
o Licensure
53. What are the benefts of nursing terminologies?
o Increased visibility, beter communicaton, involved patent care, enhanced data collecton,
adherence to standards
54. What are NANDA, NIC, NOC, CCC, PNDS, NMDS?
o Examples of nursing terminologies
55. Research that generates knowledge for nursing practce is called?
o Evidence based practce
56. What are the three sciences that nursing informatcs utlized in the defniton?
o Nursing science, computer science, and informaton science
57. Nursing informatcs focuses in what four concepts?
o Data, informaton, knowledge, and wisdom
58. What are raw facts that lack meaning?
o Data
59. What are the modules of CDSS?
o Reminders, alerts, drug/drug, drug/allergy checking, guidelines and protocols, image recogniton,
and interpretaton
60. What fled atempts to capture the complex process of the human thought and intelligence?
o Artfcial intelligence
61. What is the longitudinal electronic record of patent health informaton produced by encounters in one or
more care setngs?
o EHR - electronic medical record
62. What are at least two economic benefts of telehealth?
o Decrease ER visits, decrease length of stay, decrease admission, decrease travel costs, increase in
productvity of clinicians
63. What is the defniton of nursing terminologies?
[17]o A systematc standardized way of describing nursing practce and includes data sets, taxonomies,
nomenclatures and classifcaton
64. The number one focus of EHR as stated by the IOM?
o Patent safety
65. What are the components of the metaparadigm of nursing?
o Nurse, patent, health, environment
66. Who are the consumers of telehealth technology?
o Chronically ill, isolated, concerned families and assisted living patents
67. A DSS or CDSS should support, not replace what of a clinician or manager?
o Judgement and critcal thinking
68. What are 3 peripheral devices used in telehealth?
o Scale, BP monitor, pulse oximeter, thermometer, glucometer, EKG or heart monitor, PTT/INR meter,
camera
69. What is a system designed to support health care providers in making decision about the delivery and
management of patent care?
o Clinical decision support system
70. What module is used to enter meds and other orders into the computer?
o Order entry management
71. What allows the clinician to be in contact with a patent without a face to face encounter?
o Telehealth
72. People who share a specialized knowledge?
o Profession
73. What is the ability to apply appropriate use of knowledge to manage and solve human problems?
o Wisdom
74. What is a RN with an advanced educaton possess additonal knowledge skills to computer and
informaton technology?
o Nurse informatcs specialist
75. What is the goal of nursing informatcs?
o Improve health of populatons, communites, families and individuals by optmizing informaton
management and communicaton
76. Data that is interpreted, organized or structured?
o Informaton
77. Informaton that is synthesized so that relatonships are identfed and formalized?
[18]o Knowledge
78. The appropriate use of knowledge to manage and solve human problems?
o Wisdom
79. Process of actvely and skillfully using knowledge to apply analyze, synthesize and/or evaluate data and
informaton?
o Critcal Thinking
80. Informatcs- The interdisciplinary study of the design, applicaton, use, and impact of informaton
technology.
81. Nursing Informatcs- A combinaton of computer, informaton, and nursing science designed to assist in
the management and processing of nursing data, informaton, and knowledge.
82. Healthcare Informatcs- AKA Clinical Informatcs Directed at the level of individuals An umbrella term
including medical, dental, and nursing
83. Benefts of Nursing Informatcs: -Enhances practce and allows nursing science to develop
-Improves documentaton (saves tme)
-Uses data for quality control and research
-Builds evidence-based nursing knowledge
84. Informatcs Pyramid (Botom to Top): Data --> Informaton --> Knowledge --> Wisdom
85. Structured Data: Follows standards; easily shared; less flexible, reliable reportng
86. Unstructured Data: Easy to use; flexible; requires analytcs; not as reliable; not as easily shared
87. Evidence-Based Practce: Provides basis for clinical guidelines and clinical decision support
88. Clinical Decision-Making: Choices are based on the idea that research-based care improves outcomes
89. Knowledge Transformaton: The conversion of research fndings through a series of stages to impact
health outcomes.
90. Star Model of Knowledge Transformaton:
o 1. Discovery Research
o 2. Evidence Summary
o 3. Translaton to Guidelines
o 4. Practce Integraton
o 5. Process, Outcome, Evaluaton
91. Translaton to Guidelines: Experts are called upon to consider evidence summary, fll in gaps, and merge
research knowledge with expertse to form Clinical Practce Guidelines (CPGs)
92. Meaningful Use: Established to
-Improve quality, safety, and efciency
[19]-Engage patents and families in care
-Improve coordinaton of care
-Improve public and populaton health
-Ensure privacy and security
93. HITECH Act: Health Informaton Technology for Economic and Clinical Health - 2009
Promotes adopton and meaningful use of health IT
94. EHR: Electronic Health Record; a longitudinal electronic record of patent health informaton generated by
one or more encounters in any care delivery setng
95. EMR: Electronic Medical Record; a legal record created in hospitals and ambulatory environments that is
the source of data for the EHR. Centered around a single episode of treatment.
96. PHR: Personal Health Record; contains data input by a patent on his or her own behalf, owned by the
patent, and extends across multple providers and encounters
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