NR. 546 MIDTERM EXAM 2024 LATEST EXAM /
NR. 546 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY ACTUAL
MIDTERM EXAM WITH 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
A
... [Show More] complete lesion (destruction) of the right lateral geniculate nucleus produces which one of the following visual field defects? a) loss of lateral inhibition
b) loss of the left visual field
c) loss of both left and right visual field
d) loss of color vision.
e) none of the above - b) loss of the left visual field
The optic nerve is composed of axons from which of the following retinal cell types?
a) bipolar
b) ganglion
c) amacrine
d) horizontal
e) answers a and b - b) ganglion
The physiological explanation for our ability to differentiate among sounds of different pitches (frequencies) is because
a) hair cells respond to high pitch sound by moving into one direction and to low pitch by moving into the opposite direction.
b) the basilar membrane depolarizes and hyperpolarizes at multiple locations depending on pitch.
c) hair cells at different locations on the basilar membrane respond to different sound frequencies.
d) the basilar membrane has more hair cells near the oval window and fewer hair cells near the apex.
e) high frequency sounds allows K+ to enter the hair cells and low frequency sounds allows Na+ to enter the hair cells. - c) hair cells at different locations on the basilar membrane respond to different sound frequencies.
If the ATP-generating mechanisms in a nerve cell are poisoned and the nerve cell depletes its ATP reserves, what will happen to the resting membrane potential of this cell?
a) The resting membrane potential will become more negative.
b) The resting membrane potential will become less negative
c) The concentration gradient for Na+ will remain the same.
d) The resting membrane potential will eventually become positive inside with respect to outside.
e) There will be no change in the resting membrane potential. - b) The resting membrane potential will become less negative.
Saltatory conduction of an action potential is an example of positive feedback. a) true
b) false - b) false
Two neurons, A and B, synapse onto a third neuron, C. If a neurotransmitter from neuron A opens ligand-gated channels permeable to Na+ and K+ and a neurotransmitter from neuron B opens ligand-gated Cl- channels, which of the following statements is true?
a) An action potential in neuron A causes a depolarizing EPSP in neuron B.
b) An action potential in neuron B causes a depolarizing EPSP in neuron C.
c) Simultaneous action potentials in A and B will cause less depolarization of neuron C than if only A fired an action potential.
d) An action potential in neuron B will bring neuron C closer to its action potential threshold than would an action potential in neuron A.
e) An action potential in neuron C causes a depolarization in neuron B. - c) Simultaneous action potentials in A and B will cause less depolarization of neuron C
than if only A fired an action potential.
The detection of light in the human eye is based upon the light-induced change of a) rhodopsin to deltapsin.
b) opsin to nopsin.
c) cis retinal to cis retinol.
d) cis retinal to trans retinal - d) cis retinal to trans retinal.
osmosis refers to the movement of what substance across semipermeable membranes? a) Glucose
b) Charged particles
c) Lipid molecules
d) Water
e) Solutes - d) Water
What is the correct sequence of events during an action potential?
(1) membrane hyperpolarization, (2) activation of voltage-dependent Na-channels, (3) deactivation of K-channels and repolarization, (4) membrane depolarization, (5) deactivation of Na-channels and activation of voltage-dependent K-channels.
a) 4 - 2 - 5 - 1 - 3
b) 3 - 4 - 1 - 5 - 2
c) 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5
d) 2 - 5 - 3 - 1 - 4
e) 4 - 2 - 5 - 3 - 1 - e) 4 - 2 - 5 - 3 - 1
What will happen to the conduction velocity of action potentials if only the resistance across the axon membrane (rm) decreases? a) an increase.
b) a decrease.
c) first a decrease and then an increase.
d) no change.
e) direction reversal. - b) a decrease.
During the absolute refractory period
a) the K-channels cannot be opened, preventing the production of another action potential (AP).
b) the K-channels are open and some of the Na-channels can be opened, allowing the production of another AP with a reduced amplitude.
c) the Na-channels cannot be opened, preventing the production of another AP
d) the action potential is smaller relative to the threshold potential. - c) the Na-channels cannot be opened, preventing the production of another AP
The reversal potential differs from the action potential because the reversal potential a) does not involve the Hodgkin Cycle.
b) is due to opening of postsynaptic ion channels allowing both Na+ and K+ to go through.
c) reverses the direction of the Na+ ion flow.
d) answers a and b
e) None of the above - d) answers a and b
. Which feature(s) is (are) shared between graded potentials and action potentials? a) refractory period.
b) variation in magnitude.
c) always depolarization and reversal of charges.
d) constant duration.
e) none of the above - e) [Show Less]