NR511 Midterm Study Guide Worksheet / NR 511 Completed Midterm study guide,100% Real! Disease Risk Subjective Finding Objective Findings Diagnostics
... [Show More] Treatment Education GI DISORDERS Appendicitis Celiac disease ** (autoimmune disorder caused by an immunologic response to gluten) Cholelithiasis Crohn ’s ** Diverticulitis ** GERD ** Giardia H. Pylori Infection Irritable bowel syndrome ** Peptic ulcer disease ** (includes gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers) Pancreatitis ACUTE CHRONIC Salmonella ** Shigella Ulcerative Colitis ** Viral gastroenteritis ** Bacterial conjunctivitis (viral is most contagious) Corneal abrasion Epiglotittis Eustachian tube disorder Hyphema (a layer of RBCs - hemorrhage) Meniere’s disease Mononucleosis: primarily caused by EBV Angie Nasal polyps Otitis Externa (AKA swimmer’s ear) ** Otitis Media Presbycusis (sensorineural hearing loss; not reversible) Rhinosinusitis - viral Rhinosinusitis - bacterial Streptococcus Tinnitus Viral conjunctivitis (highly contagious; usually caused by adenovirus which are associated with URIs or the common cold. Other viruses include HXV, HZV (zoster), and Molluscum contagiosum. 2 types of herpes viruses. HSV-1 typically occurs above the waist, and HSV-2 typically occurs below the waist. HSV conjunctivitis spread by contact with persons who have visible, infected lesions and with persons symptomatically shedding the virus. Meaning, the patient may be experiencing a prodrome of ill-related symptoms such as malaise, low grade fever, pain or tingling near site of the lesions (but the lesions are not yet visible). Allergic conjunctivitis is usually caused by an environmental allergen such as pollen, grass, trees, and so on. Occurrence can be seasonal and can be isolated to the eyes or include upper respiratory allergy symptoms such as rhinitis. Acanthosis nigricans: Benign dermatosis characterized by velvety, hyperpigmented, hyperkeratotic plaques Acne Actinic keratosis: Premalignant lesion that can progress to SCC. Alopecia areata, temporary loss of hair (nonscarring alopecia) Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is not considered a distinct entity but is a descriptive term for a group of skin disorders characterized by pruritus and inflammation whose distinct cause is unknown. Eczema is a more general term that is often used collectively to describe skin of an erythematous and inflamed appearance Basal Cell carcinoma (most common”): malignant tumor of the skin that originates in the basal cells of the epidermis. It is a slow-growing and locally invasive tumor that rarely metastasizes. Contact dermatitis: A common condition categorized as either irritant dermatitis or allergic dermatitis. Allergic dermatitis is from immunologically mediated response and irritant dermatitis is the result of repeated insults to atopic skin by caustic or irritant substances. Stages of contact dermatitis are: Acute: Erythema and edema Clear, fluid filled vesicles or bullae Exudate, clear fluid Distinct margins Subacute: Lessening edema Formation of papules Less distinct margins Chronic: Minimal edema Scaling skin Lichenification Minimal erythema Eczema Atopic dermatitis(eczema) is not considered a distinct entity but is a descriptive term for a group of skin disorders characterized by pruritus and inflammation whose distinct cause is unknown. Eczema is a more general term that is often used collectively to describe skin of an erythematous and inflamed appearance (SEE ATOPIC DERMATITS) Erythema infectiosum (AKA 5th disease or EI); primarily caused by human parvovirus B19 Erythema migrans (bull’s eye rash) associated with Lyme Disease Folliculitis: a superficial to deep skin infection of the hair follicles. Mainly caused by gram-positive bacteria, occasional by fungus or by gram-negative bacilli. Bacteria infect the hair follicle at a superficial level which leads to the clinical presentation of little pustules or erythema surrounding the base of the hair follicle. Pseudomonas folliculitis presents as follicular erythematous papules, pustules, or vesicles over the back, buttocks, and upper arms. Associated features include pruritus, malaise, low-grade fever, sore throat and eyes, and axillary lymphadenopathy. This type of folliculitis usually resolves spontaneously within 10 days. Shaving folliculitis is the result of sebaceous follicles which are colonized by gram negative bacteria become infected due to trauma from shaving. “Hot tub” folliculitis is a form of folliculitis that is caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa, which can withstand temperatures of up to 107 degrees F and chlorine levels up to 3mg/L. Hand Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) a contagious virus mostly occurring in young children which is caused by the coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 71. Keratosis pilaris – benign skin disorder resulting in hyperkeratinization of the hair follicles; Lichen Planus Jessica Sparks Melanoma Melasma Butterfly face Pregnancy mask Molluscum Contagiosum (viral infection that causes a mild skin rash, wart-like bump); caused by the Poxviridae virus. This virus is encased in a protective sac that prevents the immune system from being triggered. Pediculosis (head lice infestation) Pityriasis rosea Psoriasis Rosacea Roseola Infantum (AKA 6th disease) – caused by the human herpes virus types 6 and 7. Virus is mild and common in children under age 2; spread via saliva. Short lives 3-5 days Scabies Squamous Cell carcinoma: a malignant tumor originating from keratinocytes, can invade the dermis and occasionally metastasize to distant sites. Telogen Effluvium – can be a cause of non scarring alopecia. Is excessive shedding of scalp hair that results from an increases number of hair follicles entering the resting stage (telogen). Tinea versicolor (aka pityriasis versicolor) - Jenna Trichotillomania (hair pulling) - jenna Varicella Verruca vulgaris (Common warts): p.203 Small, hardened growths of keratinized tissue. Warts usually grow around nails, on fingers, and the backs of hands, but can appear anywhere on the body. Common warts (verruca vulgaris) are primarily caused by HPV serotypes 1 to 5, 7, 27, or 29, whereas HPV serotypes 3, 10, 28, and 29 cause flat warts. HPV serotypes 1 to 4, 27, 29, and 57 typically causes plantar warts, whereas HPV serotypes 6 and 11 cause anogenital warts. Vitiligo BUSINESS ESSENTIALS (jenna) Medical coding Medical billing CPT codes ICD10 codes Medicare Part A Medicare Part B Medicare Part D Health maintenance organization (HMO) (couldn’t find in text book) Preferred provider organization (PPO) (couldn’t find in text book) Indemnity insurer (couldn’t find in text book) Features Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Hepatitis D Virus (HDV) Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Transmission Incubation period (days) Laboratory tests Immunity/immunization Prevalence Course/mortality TABLE 15.2 Herpes Simplex Infections Infection Location Commonly Affected Age Group Oral—labial herpes simplex Herpetic keratoconjunctivitis Herpetic tracheobronchitis Herpes simplex encephalitis Herpes gladiatorum Herpetic whitlow Lumbosacral herpes Herpes simplex of the buttocks Genital herpes Eczema herpeticum Erythema multiforme Question 1. Treatment for achalasia may include: Balloon dilation of the lower esophageal sphincter. Question 2. Which oral medication might be used to treat a client with chronic cholelithiasis who is a poor candidate for surgery? Question 3. All of the following medications are used for the control of nausea and vomiting. Which medication works by affecting the chemoreceptor trigger zone, thereby stimulating upper gastrointestinal motility and increasing lower esophageal sphincter pressure? Question 4. Which is the most common presenting symptom of gastric cancer? Question 5. Margie, age 52, has an extremely stressful job and was just given a diagnosis of gastric ulcer. She tells you she is sure it is going to be malignant. How do you respond? Question 6. Marcie just returned from Central America with traveler’s diarrhea. Which is the best treatment? Question 7. Rose has gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). You know she misunderstands your teaching when she tells you she will: Have a snack before retiring so that the esophagus and stomach are not empty at bedtime. Question 8. Marty, age 52, notices a bulge in his midline every time he rises from bed in the morning. You tell him that it is a ventral hernia, also known as an: Question 9. You are trying to differentiate between functional (acquired) constipation and Hirschsprung disease in a neonate. Distinguishing features of Hirschsprung disease include which of the following? Question 10. You are doing routine teaching with a patient who has a family history of colorectal cancer. You know she misunderstands the teaching when she tells you she will: Question 11. Bobby, age 6, has constant periumbilical pain shifting to the right lower quadrant, vomiting, a small volume of diarrhea, absence of headache, a mild elevation of the white blood cell count with an early left shift, and white blood cells in the urine. You suspect: Question 12. Melva, age 63, presents with an acute exacerbation of pancreatitis, and you are going to admit her to the hospital. Which is the most important factor in determining a negative long-term outcome for her? Question 13. A mother brings in her 4-year-old child, who she states has acute abdominal pain and a rash. Which of the following do you initially rule out? Question 14. Icterus due to hyperbilirubinemia is seen when the serum level of bilirubin is greater than? 2.5 mg/dL. Question 15. A 45-year-old homeless man presents to your urgent care clinic for evaluation. His chief complaint is diarrhea. The patient states he started to have diarrhea 2-3 days ago, and it is getting progressively worse. He also notes nausea without vomiting, dry mouth, and double vision. On exam you notice his pupillary reflex is absent. The patient states he lives on the street and eats mostly canned goods that he scavenges from a grocery store dumpster. What is the likely cause of the patient’s symptoms? Question 16. Hepatitis D is an RNA virus that requires a coinfection with which of the following strains of hepatitis in Question 17. Which of the following is not true regarding hepatitis C? If hepatitis is asymptomatic it doesn’t cause cirrhosis or liver cancer. Question 18. A 54-year-old female presents to your primary care office for routine reevaluation for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). She has been treated with diet modifications and 6 weeks of omeprazole without improvement of her symptoms. What is the next step in management of this patient’s GERD? Question 19. A 75-year-old male presents for a routine physical. He is obese and has no abdominal pain or recent injuries or problems. He has no complaints. He lies supine for his abdominal exam. He is nontender to palpation and has a normal exam. When he sits up you see a large mass protrude from his abdomen. It is central to his abdomen and inferior to his rib cage. It disappears when he is sitting up fully. What is the patient’s diagnosis? Question 20. Which gastrointestinal disease below could theoretically be completely eradicated with a total colectomy? Question 1. You auscultate Julie’s abdomen and hear a peritoneal friction rub. Which condition do you rule out? Question 2. Susan, age 59, has no specific complaints when she comes in for her annual examination. She does, however, have type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), slight hypertension, dyslipidemia, and central obesity. How would you diagnose her? Question 3. Timothy, age 68, complains of an abrupt change in his defecation pattern. You evaluate him for: Question [Show Less]