NR 509 APEA EXAM – ORTHO Question: 1
A tool for assessing risk factors for osteoporotic fractures is the:
a) DEXA.
b) FRAX:
... [Show More] Correct
c) BRCA1.
d) HAARM: Incorrect
Explanation:
The FRAX calculator generates fracture risk based on age, body mass index, parental
fracture history, use of glucocorticoids, presence of rheumatoid arthritis or secondary
osteoporosis, and tobacco and alcohol use. It has been validated for black, Hispanic, and
Asian women in the USA and has calculators that are country and continent specific.
Duel energy x-ray absorptiometry, DEXA, is the optimal standard for measuring bone
density. BRAC1 is a gene that can mutate and increase the risk of breast cancer.
HAARM is the melanoma risk model.
Question: 2
Anserine bursitis arises from:
a) excessive running: Correct
b) excessive kneeling: Incorrect
c) arthritis.
d) trauma
Explanation:
Anserine bursitis arises from excessive running, valgus knee deformity, fibromyalgias,
and osteoarthritis. Prepatellar bursitis (“housemaid’s knee”) arises from excessive
kneeling. A popliteal or “baker’s” cyst arises from distention of the gastrocnemius
semimembranous bursa from underlying arthritis or trauma.
Question: 3
When examining the knee, which of the following symptoms could be indicative of a
positive Adduction (Varus) Stress Test?
a) Pain in the lateral joint line: Correct
b) Pain in the medial joint line: Incorrect
c) Pain in the anterior joint line
d) A click along the medial joint line.
Explanation:
The Adduction (or Varus) Stress Test is a maneuver that evaluates the function of the
lateral collateral ligament. To perform this test, the knee is held in 30 degrees of flexion.
With one hand on the medial side of the knee and one hand on the ankle, an adduction
force is gently applied. If pain is noted in the lateral joint line, this could be indicative of
a lateral collateral ligament tear. When tenderness extends more to the proximal or
distal joint line, the collateral ligament may be the cause of pain instead of the meniscus.
Question: 4
When assessing the knee, the examiner instructs the patient to straighten his knee. This
motion would assess knee:
a) flexion.
b) extension:Correct
c) internal rotation.
d) external rotation.
Explanation:
Having the patient straighten his leg assesses extension of the knee. The examiner
instructs the patient to bend his knee. This maneuver assesses knee flexion. Internal
rotation of the knee could be elicited by having the patient swing his lower leg toward
the midline while sitting. Instructing the patient to swing his leg away from his midline
while sitting assesses external rotation of the knee.
Question: 5
When performing an examination of a tender left finger on an adult, the surrounding
tissue reveals warmth, edema, and redness. This finding could be suggestive of: [Show Less]