NR 507 Week 7 Quiz. Questions And Answers. Latest 2020/21.1 Cognitive operations cannot occur without the _____ functioning.
reticular activating
... [Show More] system
Awareness encompasses all cognitive functions that embody awareness of self, environment, and
affective states (i.e., moods). Consciousness often is viewed as having two distinct components: arousal
and awareness. Arousal, an attentional system, is the state of awakeness that an individual exhibits.
Level of arousal is mediated by the reticular activating system.
2 Characteristics of primary motor neuron amyotrophy include
fasciculations and muscle cramps in distal, proximal, or midline muscles.
Fasciculations are particularly associated with primary motor neuron injury, and muscle cramps are
common. Mild fatigue is a common complaint.
3 Most dysphasias are associated with cerebrovascular accidents involving which artery?
Middle cerebral artery
Dysphasias usually are associated with cerebrovascular accident involving the middle cerebral artery or
one of its many branches.
4 What is the best prognostic indicator of recovery of consciousness or functional outcome?
Etiology of injury and time since onset of coma
To date there are no specific indicators. Etiology of the injury and time since onset of injury are the
currently used prognostic indicators.
5 Which is a characteristic of brainstem death?
Apnea
Apnea is viewed as a criterion of brainstem death, whereas the remaining options reflect cerebral death.
6 The existence of regular, deep, and rapid respirations after a severe closed head injury is indicative of
neurologic injury to the
lower midbrain.
Central reflex hyperpnea, a sustained deep rapid but regular pattern (hyperpnea), may result from
central nervous system damage or disease that involves the lower midbrain and upper pons. It is seen
after increased intracranial pressure and blunt head trauma.
7 Cerebral edema is an increase in the fluid content of the
brain tissue.
Cerebral edema is an increase in the fluid content of brain tissue: a net accumulation of water within the
brain.
8 Dilated and sluggish pupils, widening pulse pressure, and bradycardia are clinical findings evident of
which stage of intracranial hypertension?
Stage 3
Stage 3 of intracranial hypertension presents clinical manifestations that include decreasing levels of
arousal, Cheyne-Stokes respiration or central neurogenic hyperventilation, pupils that become sluggish
and dilated, widened pulse pressure, and bradycardia.
9 A man was in an automobile accident in which his forehead struck the windshield. A blunt force injury
to the forehead would result in a coup injury to the _____ region.
frontal
The focal injury may be coup (directly below the point of impact). Objects striking the front of the head
usually produce only coup injuries (contusions and fractures) because the inner skull in the occipital area
is smooth.
10 A man who sustained a cervical spinal cord injury 2 days ago suddenly develops severe hypertension
and bradycardia. He reports severe head pain and blurred vision. The most likely explanation for these
clinical manifestations is that he is
developing autonomic hyperreflexia.
Autonomic hyperreflexia is characterized by paroxysmal hypertension (up to 300 mm Hg systolic), a
pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating above the level of the lesion with flushing of the skin, nasal
congestion, nausea, piloerection caused by pilomotor spasm, and bradycardia (30 to 40 beats/minute).
11 Spinal cord injuries are most likely to occur in which of the following regions?
Cervical and lumbar
Vertebral injuries occur mostly at vertebrae C1-C2 (cervical), C4-C7, and T1-L2 (thoracic lumbar). [Show Less]