NR 507 Week 4 Midterm winter 2020 With Questions and Answers
1. Hypertension (high blood pressure) will have its most immediate effect
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Preload Contractility
Afterload None of these
2. Mature, circulating RBC’s lack endoplasmic reticulum. Without these structures RBC’s are completely unable to synthesize any
ATP
Protein
All of the above Hemoglobin
3. Which of the following would indicate that a client with chronic bronchitis has developed secondary polycythemia vera:
Increased hematocrit Abnormal arterial blood gas x Cyanosis
Peripheral edema Stroke volume is
4. The amount of blood the heart can hold
The amount of blood the heart ejects per minute
The amount of blood the heart ejects per beat x Equal to the total blood volume of approximately 5 L
5. Glomerulonephritis is associated with a(n) Elevated BUN/creat levels due to increase GFR Decreased BUN/creat levels due to decreased GFR Decreased bun/creat levels due to increased GFR
Elevated bun/creat level due to decreased GFR
6. Which of the following would not typically be observed in a client with asthma
Wheezing Chest tightness SOB
Productive cough
7. A prolonged episode of tachycardia will result in
Increased ejection fraction x No change in stroke volume Increased stroke volume
Decreased stroke volume
8. Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion differ in that
Secretion adds material to the filtrate, reabsorption removed material from the filtrate
Secretion occurs via passive transport, reabsorption occurs via active transport Secretion adds material to the blood; reabsorption removes material from the blood Reabsorption tends to increase urine volume, secretion tends to decrease urine volume
9. After erythrocytes have completed their lifespan \, they are removed by macrophages located mainly in the
Yellow bone marrow Appendix
Spleen Liver x
10. Alveolar hyperinflation occurs in asthma and chronic bronchitis as the result of
Thorax expansion
Increased rate of pulmonary capillary perfusion Sustained bronchodialation
Decreased ability to exhale
11. The primary site of damage in the nephron due to ischemic conditions is the
Bowmans capsule Loop of henle
Distal convoluted tubule Proximal convoluted tubule
12. The movement of blood into and out of the capillary beds of the lungs to the body tissues and cells describes the process of
Metabolism Respiration Perfusion Ventilation
13. A 5-year-old female presents with frequent urinary tract infections, imagine studies indicate a retrograde flow of urine from the urinary bladder into the urethers. This is indicative of
Hypospadias Vesicoureteral reflux Renal agenesis x Polycystic kidney disease
14. A 30 year old client who had a gastrectomy procedure 1 year ago is most at risk for the development of
Iron-deficiency anemia Aplastic anemia Hemolytic anemia Pernicious anemia
15. A deficiency of intrinsic factor (IF) will most likely result in
Pernicious anemia
Iron-deficiency anemia x Folate-deficiency anemia Aplastic anemia
16. During ventricular systole
A and b
Venous blood from the systemic circulation enters the right atrium The mitral and tricuspid valves are closed
The mitral and tricuspid valves are open
17. A deficiency of transferrin is most likely to result in
Aplastic anemia
Iron-deficiency anemia Hemolytic anemia Pernicious anemia
18. The primary source of erythropoietin is the
Spleen Kidney Liver
Bone marrow
19. Which of the following is not a condition associated with renal failure
Hypernatremia Hyperphosphatemia Hypokalemia Hypocalcemia
20. A 25 year old female presents with frequent complete calculi blockage of one ureter. This is referred to as
Postrenal disease Hypercalemia Intrarenal Prenatal disease
21. Contractility of cardia muscle is directly dependent on the level of
Calcium Chloride Sodium Potassium x
22. Appropriate management of progressive renal failure typically includes
All of the above
Potassium supplementation High protein diet Erythropoietin administration
23. In addition to oxygen, hemoglobin also carries nitric oxide (NO) No is important for
Preventing free radical damage to RBC membranes Promoting vasodilation
Preventing conversion of Fe +2 to fe+3 Increasing oxygen binding affinity of Hb x
24. Which equation correctly represents cardiac output (CO)
CO = heart rate x pulse rate
CO = heart rate x stroke volume CO = heart rate x blood pressure x
CO = blood pressure x stroke volume
25. Which of the following statements correctly describes the flow of blood between the heart and lungs
Oxygenated blood is transported from the lungs to the heart via the pulmonary veins x Deoxygenated blood is transported from the left ventrile to the lungs via the pulmonary areteries
The pulmonary arteries carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart Oxygenated blood is transported from the lungs to the right atrium of the heart
26. Blood (hydrostatic) pressure is most important for the process of
Excretion Reabsorption x Filtration secretion
27. Preload can be decreased by all the following except
dehydration hemorrhage ventricular hypertrophy cardiac tamponade
28. chronic bronchitis is characterized by
elevated IgG levels bronchial breakdown
right ventricular hypertrophy no answer text provided decreased hematocrit
29. the lamina propria area of the bronchioles play a significant role in the pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis because this is where
columnar epithelia cells lose their cilia hyperplasia of goblet cells occurs inflammatory cell activation occurs smooth muscle constriction occurs
30. which of the following will occur when calcium binds to troponin
troponin shifts to prevent actin and myosin interaction troponin shifts to allow actin and myosin interaction x an action potential is stimulated
cardiac muscle cells relax
31. the average red blood cell lifespan is approximately
3-4 months Many years
One month or less 6-12 months
32. The correct definition of afterload is
The amount of blood ejected from each ventricle x
The number of times the heart contracts
How much the ventricles can stretch to hold blood How much pressure the heart must exert to eject blood
33. An accident victim transfused with the incorrect blood type is at most risk for development of
Hemolytic anemia
Iron-deficiency anemia Polycythemia
Aplastic anemia
34. A client is experiencing congestive heart failure (CHF) which of the following represent the correct sequence of events that occur with CHF
Systemic hypotension increased la preload increased lv preload biventricular heart failure Pulmonary hypertension increased RV preload, increased RA preload, pulmonary edema Aortic valve disease, decreased LV preload, increased LA preload, peripheral edema Systemic hypertension, increased lv preload, increased la preload, pulmonary edema
35. The condition most associated with a history of seasonal and/or chronic allergies is
Extrinsic asthma x Emphysema Intrinsic asthma Chronic bronchitis
36. Preload refers specifically to
How much work the heart must do to pump blood How often the heart muscle can contract
How much blood the ventricles can hold End-systolic volume
37. ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme)
Is made by the JG cells to activate renin
Is made by the adrenal cortex to increase NA and water reabsorption Is made by the liver to form angiotensin II
is made by the lung to activate angiotensin I
38. Closure of the semilunar valves (SLV) Produces the second heart sounds Corresponds to atria contraction
Directs blood into the atria
Produces a deflection on the ECG tracing
39. A 78-year old patient is scheduled for an imaging procedure using contrast dye,. Although rare you know that he may be at risk for contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) because of his history of
Cystitis Fatty liver
Kidney stones Diabetes
40. The normal primary site of hematopoiesis in the adult is
Red bone marrow Yellow bone marrow Spleen
Liver
41. A 78-year-old male has been diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) the increases his risk for development of
Postrenal disease Vesicouretral reflux Intrarenal disease Prerenal disease
42. After load can be increase by all the following except
Pulmonary disease Systemic hypertension Aortic valve damange Hemorrhage x
43. The blood disorders sickle-cell anemia and thalassemia are
Idiopathic in origin
Autosomal recessive genetic disorders x Autoimmune-mediated
Autosomal dominant genetic disorders
44. Treatment for asthma included anticholinergic drugs. The mechanism of action for the medication is to
Block acetylcholine binding to promote bronchoconstriction Enhance acetylecholine binding to promote bronchoconstriction Block acetylcholine binding to promote bronchodialation Enhance acetylecholine binding to promote bronchodialation
45. A client who is 2 days post-partum is most at risk for development of
Folate deficiency anemia Aplastic anemia x
Hemolytic anemia
Iron-deficiency anemia
46. A client with chronic bronchitis is most likely to experience
Respiratory acidosis due to decreased intake of O2 Respiratory alkalosis due to decreased intake of O2 Respiratory alkalosis due to inability to exhale CO2 Respiratory acidosis due to inability to exhale CO2
47. An aortic semilunar valve stenosis would have the most immediate effect by
Increasing r atrial preload Increasing L ventricular afterload Decreasing l ventricular preload Decreasing r ventricular afterload
48. In the healthy heart the response to an increase in preload is for stroke volume to
Stay the same Decrease Increase
All of the above
49. Decreased contractibility can be caused by all the following except
Acidosis Ischemia Fever
Cardiomyopathy
50. Cor pulmonale refers to
Left ventriclular failure secondary to lung disease
Right ventricular failure seconday to systemic hypertension x Left ventricular failure secondary to systemic hypertension Right ventricular failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension [Show Less]