NR 503 Week 3 Discussion: Chronic Health and Occupational Health Articles
NR 503
NR503
Chronic Health and Occupational Health Articles
1. Next, find
... [Show More] two articles, one on each of the chosen methods, from the Chamberlain College library, or you may use one that is provided within the course and one you find from the library. The articles should … related to population health and infectious disease, chronic health, occupational health, global health, genomics, or environmental health:
Randomized Control Trial
Cohort Study
Case-Control Study
Cross-Sectional
2. Read each article and answer the following questions for each article:
Does the study design specify a question, goal, of the study?
Explain the methodology (Randomized Control Trial, Cohort Study, Case-Control Study).
Describe the participant information, include recruitment. Is selection bias present?
How is data collected?
Are the variables … ? If yes, discuss. If no, how does this impact your interpretation of the study?
How was the data analyzed, what statistics are provided? What are potential errors … to the study design?
What are the weaknesses of the type of study design/method?
Discuss the outcomes and the implications for implementation.
3. Post your analysis of the research studies to the DB. Your analysis should have in-text citations and utilize a scholarly voice with APA formatting. You may choose to write a Word doc and upload your doc to the discussion board for this week.
4. Respond to a total of two posts; either two (2) peer posts or a peer and faculty post, with a minimum of one paragraph of 4-5 sentences for each of their articles. Your reply post should integrate in-text citation(s) and … formatted with APA and a scholarly voice.
ANSWER
Professor and Class,
I have chosen to focus on one article on chronic health and the other article will be on occupational health. I will answer the assigned questions utilizing an article review of a randomized control trial method and a cohort study.
Article 1: Effectiveness of a pyschoeducation group intervention conducted by primary healthcare nurses in patients with depression and physical comorbidity : study protocol for a randomized, controlled trial.
The goal of this study was to ‘evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention based on a psychoeducational program carried out by primary care nurses to improve the response rate of depression in patients with chronic physical illness and also to assess the impact of the intervention on improving control of the physical pathology.”(Casañas ,et al, 2019).
The methodology utilized was a randomized control trial. In this type of study participants are selected randomly by chance to receive one clinical intervention. The first group of participants is considered the control group while the other group is the experimental group. The experimental group is the group that received the intervention to be tested while the second group which is the control group received an alternative or conventional treatment.
A total of 504 patients underwent randomization. They performed a multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial involving participants who suffer from major depression and has at least one comorbidity of type 2 diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma. Participants who were above 50 years assigned to primary health center from different locations in Barcelona city were eligible for inclusion with a score above 12 on the Beck Depression Inventory score. Participants were randomly distributed into the intervention group and control group .The intervention group were assigned to receive usual care in addition to psychoeducatioal intervention that lasted 90min once a week for 12 sessions, this sessions was organized by two primary care nurses and the control group received usual care alone. There is bias because non speaking Spanish participants were excluded. .
Data was collected by online survey, mini interview and questionnaires.
The variables for this study included the dependent variable which is the rate of remission and response while the independent variable will be the patients group.
Data analysis is performed on an intention-to-treat basis, all the patients that signed the informed consent and attended the initial interview will be included. “Descriptive statistics will be performed to evaluate the homogeneity between the two groups” (Casañas ,et al, 2019).The potential for error is that some of the participants may drop out of the study due to the fact that the study would last for a year.
Randomized controlled trials sometimes do not provide the answers that the researchers are looking for. They do not provide the information that is needed for the most part and they tend not to be specific on whether the patient is going to benefit from the treatment or not. They are sometime very expensive due to the length of the research.
The outcome was positive overall and the study showed a decrease of at least 50% in comparison to the initial evaluation of depressive symptoms. Future studies are needed in order to determine if patients can really benefit from this treatment.
Article 1: Reduced strength, poor balance and concern about falls mediate the relationship between knee pain and fall risk in older people.
The study does not specify a question .The goal of this study is to examine if there is a relationship between knee pain and falls in older people ( Hicks,et al, 2020).
This study is a Cohort Study. Cohort studies are used to investigate the cause of a situation and to establish a link between risk factors and health outcomes. In this case we are looking at the correlation between knee pain and fall
Three hundred and thirty three people from the age of 70 and older participated in the study. They were 156 men and 176 women with a one year follow up for falls. The men lived in the community while the women were from different part of the country. Participants were further divided into two groups, one group had pain and the other had no pain There is bias because participants were excluded if had insufficient knowledge of English language and there were more women than men.
Data was collected by self report and questionnaires. Medical history, health history, physical activities and history of falls was obtained.
The independent variable would be the knee pain while the dependent will be the fall
The data analysis utilized was the Chi-square tests which were used to compare the prevalence of participants in pain that and the no pain group. The statistics provided are that (36%) participants were categorized as having knee pain. This group took more medications and had more medical conditions compared to the no pain group. The pain group had poorer balance, physical function and strength and reported increased concern about falls. The only potential errors that could be that the questionnaires were completed by the elderly and this may not always be accurate.
A major weakness of this study is that it is completely dependent upon the participants’ honesty to report if and when they take fall at home. The study was not clear on the definition of pain did not specify the location to the knee joint; therefore, some participants may have reported some other form of leg pain. Moreover, the participants did not record the duration of the pain which makes it almost impossible to identify if the pain was reported as acute or chronic This study design can be time-consuming and expensive since the cohort needs to be followed for a long period of time, and the longer the time period involved, the more likely that participants can and will be lost to follow-up (Curlely & Vitale, 2016).
The overall outcome is that the presence of knee pain will increase the risk of multiple falls in the elderly, however addressing knee pain as well as the .risk factors will assist in the prevention of falls in older people with knee pain. The only implication for implementation would be how to educate the elderly on how important it is to take their pain medication so they can be free from pain in order not to fall.
References:
Casañas, R., Martín Royo, J., Fernandez-San-Martín, M. I., Raya Tena, A., Mendioroz, J., Sauch Valmaña, G., Masa-Font, R., Casajuana-Closas, M., Fernandez Linares, E. M., Cols-Sagarra, C., Gonzalez Tejón, S., Foguet-Boreu, Q., & Martín Lopez, L. M. (2019). Effectiveness of a psychoeducation group intervention conducted by primary healthcare nurses in patients with depression and physical comorbidity: study protocol for a randomized, controlled trial. BMC Health Services Research, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4198-7
Hicks, C., Levinger, P., Menant, J. C., Lord, S. R., Sachdev, P. S., Brodaty, H., & Sturnieks, D. L. (2020). Reduced strength, poor balance and concern about falls mediate the relationship between knee pain and fall risk in older people. BMC Geriatrics, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-1487-2
L, A., & Vitale, P. A. (2016). Population-based nursing : concepts and competencies for advanced practice. Springer Publishing Company. [Show Less]