Internal validity - whether the study measures what it was supposed to measure.
external validity - the generalizability of the results to other
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probability - the study of the lows of chance
specificity - the test ability to yield a negative results when the person does not have the conditions
gold standard - test with 100% sensitivity and specificity
Positive Predictive Value (PPV) - the probability of the person actually having the disease when the screening test or diagnostic test is negative
clinical significance - referring to the results that have clinical significance
natural history of the disease - natural of the disease and how it progress
primary prevention - refers to the process of altering susceptibility or reducing exposure to susceptible individuals and includes general health promotion and specific measures designed to prevent disease prior to a person getting the disease
interventions aimed at preventing the condition, disorder, and disease
educating to prevent disease
secondary prevention - intervention aim at detecting the disease early in its source, ex screening for hypertension
screening to identify the disease at the earliest stage
tertiary prevention - strategies are implemented during the middle or late stages of clinical disease and refer to measures taken to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning.
limiting the effects of the disease once is established ex rehabilitations programs.
True Positive (TP) - occurs when the test correctly reports disease presence when disease is in fact present.
false positive test - occurs when the test incorrectly reports disease presence when disease is in fact absent
false negative - occurs when the test incorrectly reports the absence of disease when disease is in fact present
Likehood ratio test (LD) - combines sensitivity and specificity data to help the clinician quantify how much the odds of disease changed based on a positive or negative test results.
early and middle childhood - person to person interventions aim to modify adolescents risk/ protective behaviours and health outcomes by improving their caregiver's parenting skills.
adolescent health - the us preventive service task force (USPSTF) strongly recommends that all adolescents and adults are at increase risk for HIV infection to be screen.
blood disorder and blood safety - the us preventive service task force (USPSTF) recommends screening of sickle cell in newborns
genomics guidelines - the us preventive service task force (USPSTF) recommends that woman whose family hx us associated with an increase risk of deleterious mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes to be referred for genetic counseling and evaluation for BRCA testing.
social determinant of health - assess the cleanliness of clients water, food and air.
Epidemiology - the science of public health.
study and analysis of the distributions, patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in defined populations
population health - focuses on risk, data, demographics and outcomes for large groups
outcome - the end results follows and interventions
aggregate - defined population [Show Less]