COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
Primary Goal in CHN:
- To promote self-reliance: autonomy and independence
- Health in the Hands of the People
Ultimate Goal
... [Show More] in CHN:
- To raise the level of health of the citizens
- To raise OLOF
- Raise Health Citizenry
COMMUNITY
1. Social group of people
2. Interacting with each other
3. Determined by geographic boundaries
4. Living together
5. To attain certain and common goals and share same interest
CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTHY COMMUNITY
H- as strong and reliable governing body
C- oncerned with own health status (members)
O- ught to work together to attain independence
M- embers aware of their own health and biologic status
M- embers give credit to governing authority
U- nited to attain Health Citizenry
N- atural and biologic resources are open to all but consumption is controlled
I- ntended environmental and physiologic needs are sustained by communities and families
T- he health needs are accessible and affordable to the public and free for the indigent
Y- outh have parents and guardians as role models
TYPES OF COMMUNITY
A. URBAN/ CITY
- High view of health
- Industrialized community
- More than 200,000
- More people, less space
B. RURAL/ OPENLANDS
- Low view of health
- Agricultural community
- Less than 200,000
- Less people, more space
C. SUBURBAN/ RURBAN/ CAPITAL
- Mixed type
- Rural setting with urban amenities
HEALTH
1. Optimum Level Of Health (OLOF)
2. State of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease (WHO, 1995)
10 Determinants of Health
GGPIEEPSCH
G- enetics
G- ender
P- hysical environment
I- ncome and social status
E- ducation
E- mployment
P- ersonal coping and behavior
S- ocial support network
C- ulture
H- ealth services
*6 Determinants of Health
Socioeconomic Low income= high illnesses; high income= drug abuse and lifestyle problems
Political Safety, oppression, people empowerment
Healthcare Delivery System Primary Health Care
Heredity Genetically-acquired diseases
Behavioral Lifestyle habits shaped by culture
Environmental Pollution, man-made diseases
NURSING
1. Art and science of rendering care
2. An act of assisting the sick and the well
Margaret Shetland
- Upholding the worth and dignity of man
- Philosophy of CHN
WHO
- CHN is combination of nursing skills, sociology and public health nursing
Ruth B. Freeman
- CHN is a service rendered by professional nurse to individuals, families and communities at home, health centers, clinic, school and workplace for health promotion and disease prevention, care of the sick at home and rehabilitation
Dr. Charles Edward Amory Winslow
- CHN is an art and science of prolonging life, preventing disease and promoting health
Dr. Araceli S. Maglaya
- CHN is utilization of nursing process
Lilian Wald
- Coined the term public health nursing
***POINT TO REMEMBER!
Community- primary client in CHN
Individual- point of entry in CHN
Population- group of people with distinct way or pattern of life
Definition of Terms:
1. Public Health Nurse
- Refers to nurses at local or national departments whether their position is Public Nurse, Nurse or School Nurse
2. Public Health Nursing
- Community health nursing practiced in the public sector
LEVELS OF CLIENTELE:
I- Individual
F- Family
P- Population/ Aggregates
C- Community
A. Individual
- Entry point in CHN
- Groundwork
Atomic- Biologic Being
Holistic- mind, body and spirit
B. Family
- Bounded by BBAME
- B (blood)
- B (birth)
- A (adoption)
- M (marriage)
- E (emotions)
B- Basic unit of society
F- Focus of care
U- Unit of service
Types of Family:
1. Nuclear- mother+ father with children only
2. Extended- family + relatives
3. Blended- previous relationship
4. Intergenerational- composed of 2 or more
- Lola sa tuhod
- Apo sa tuhod
5. Cohabitational- live in
6. Dyad- father and mother with no child
Types of Family:
1. Patrifocal- father is the head
2. Matrifocal- mother is the head
3. Consanguineal family- blood relationship
4. Conjugal- consisting of father, mother and children who are under-aged or unmarried
C. Community
- Primary client in the community
- Focus of CHN or patient in CHN
- Note:
1. Municipal- MAYOR
2. Provincial- GOVERNOR
*Always remember!
Focus- health promotion
Primary responsibility- health education
Right documentation- fundamental hallmark of nursing responsibilities
Role of nurses in CHN- Facilitator, Assistant, Teacher
Role of People- Leader
D. Group/ Aggregate
- Distinct way or pattern of life
- Share common developmental stage
- Share common characteristics
- Share common exposure to health problems
- Example: elderly
NOTE: In CHN, the client is considered as an ACTIVE partner NOT PASSIVE recipient of care
- Most of the clients are healthy
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
- Term used before for community health nursing
PUBLIC HEALTH as science and art by Dr. CEA Winslow:
3 P’s:
Promotion of health
Prevention of disease
Prolonging of life
Goal: To enable every citizen to realize his birth right of health and longevity
***Objectives of Public Health: “CODES”
C ontrol of Communicable Diseases
O rganization of Medical and Nursing Services
D evelopment of Social Machineries
E ducation of IFC on personal Hygiene→ Health Education is the essential task of every health worker
S anitation of the environment
CORE BUSINESS OF PUBLIC HEALTH (“DIHHP”)
1. Disease control
2. Injury prevention
3. Health protection
4. Health public policy
5. Promotion of health and equitable health gain
OTTAWA CHARTER ON HEALTH PROMOTION (1986)
- Defines health promotion by enabling people to control over or improve health
Prerequisites of Health (FEE IS PASS)
F- ood
E- ducation
E- quity
I- ncome
S- helter
P- eace
A- Stable ecosystem
S- ustainable resources
S- ocial justice
Foundations of Health Promotion/ 3 Basic Strategies (MAE)
M- ediate
A- dvocate
E- nable
5 Basic Actions (BCSDR)
Build public health policy
Create supportive environment
Strengthen community action
Develop personal skills
Reorient health services
JAKARTA DECLARATION ON HEALTH PROMOTION (1997)
5 Priorities on Health Promotion
1. Promote social responsibility on health
2. Increase investment on health development
3. Consolidate and expand partnership in health
4. Increase community capacity and empower individuals
5. Secure infrastructure in health promotion
TARGET POPULATION
I- Individual
F- Family
P- Population
C- Community
ROLES OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE
1. Clinician, who is a health care provider, taking care of the sick people at home or in the RHU
2. Health Educator, who aims towards health promotion and illness prevention through dissemination of correct information; educating people
3. Facilitator, who establishes multi-sectoral linkages by referral system
4. Supervisor, who monitors and supervises the performance of midwives
5. Researcher- collects data
6. Trainer- trains newbie
7. Manager- Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Controlling
8. Leader- influences people
9. Coordinator- outside health team [Show Less]