NR324 Review of Knowledge
for
Exam #1
Exam 1 Study Guide
Acid-Base Imbalances
Interpretation
o pH: 7.35 – 7.45
o PaO2: 80 - 100
o PaCO2: 35
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o HCO3: 22 - 26
Disease Etiology Lab
Diagnostic
Findings
Clinical Manifestations Nursing Management
Respiratory
Acidosis
Hypoventilation
(buildup of CO2)
COPD
Pulmonary disease
Drugs
Obesity
Mechanical asphyxia
Sleep apnea
Ph < 7.35
CO2 > 48
(Book)
CO2 > 45
(HESI)
Rapid/Shallow respirations
Low BP
Skin/Mucosa pale to cyanotic
Headache
Hyperkalemia
Dysrhythmias
Warm flush skin
Hypoxemia
Vent. Fib.
Drowsiness/Dizziness/Disorientation
Muscle Weakness
V/S and Pain
Maintain adequate
hydration
ABG and Electrolyte
Maintain pt airways
Respiratory
Alkalosis
Hyperventilation
Fever
Hysteria
Hepatic failure
Bacteremia
Thyrotoxicosis
Pregnancy
PVD
Pneumonia
Acute Asthma
Mechanical
ventilation
pH >7.45
HCO3
-<22mEq/
L
PaCO2
<35
mmHg
Rapid/Deep Respirations
Paresthesia
Tachycardia
Fear
Anxiety
Twitching
Hyperreflexia (+3, +4)
Light-headedness
Seizures
Cardiac arrhythmias
Numbness/Tingling
Nausea/Vomiting
Lethargy/Confusion
Low to Normal BP
+ Chvostek’s sign
V/S and Pain
Monitor ABG’s
Encourage pt to take
deep slow breaths.
Breath in a brown paper
bag
Keep pt warm and dry
Give sedation as
ordered to help pt relax
Institute safety
measures for pt with
vertigo or unconscious
pt.
Metabolic
Acidosis
DKA
Addition of large
amounts of fixed
acids to body fluids
Lactic acidosis
(circulatory failure)
Acid Ingestion
Adrenal
insufficiency
Ketoacidosis
Prolonged Fasting
Renal Failure
Shock
pH <7.35
HCO3
-<22mEq/
L
PaCO2
<35
Rapid, deep respirations (notify
the HCP)
Fruity breath
Fatigue
Headache
Lethargy/Weakness
Drowsiness/Confusion
Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhea
Abdominal pain
Kussmaul Respirations
Coma (if severe)
Administration of
sodium bicarbonate
Vital Signs and Pain
Watch for signs of
decreased levels of
consciousness
I/O
Provide good oral
hygiene after
incidences of vomiting
Position pt to prevent
aspiration
NR 324 REVIEW OF KNOWLEDGE FOR EXAM # 1 STUDY GUIDE
NR324 Review of Knowled [Show Less]